Transcript Physiology of Stress

Stress & Disease
Health Psychology
Physiology of Stress
• A. Nervous System
– peripheral nervous system
• autonomic nervous system = controls organs
(involuntary, automatic)
– sympathetic nervous system = mobilizes
body for action
– parasympathetic nervous system =
maintains & ____________________
• B. Neuroendocrine System
• neuroendocrine glands = controlled by
nervous system
• release hormones that travel through blood & act on
organs
– _________________
• releases many hormones, acts on adrenal glands
– adrenal glands = secretes catecholamines
(epinephrine, norepinephrine)
– epi & norepi increase sympathetic stimulation
» ^ heart rate
» ^ blood pressure (bp)
» ^ breathing rate
» blood sent to muscles
Consequences of Stress
• Health habits
^ smoking
^ alcohol use
^ drug use
v ____________
v sleep
• Health behaviors
v
chance of seeking care
^ delay in seeking care
v ______________
unclear symptom profile
• Physiological effects
^ lipids
^ bp
^ hormonal activity
v immunity
Infection & the Immune System
• Infection = ___________ invade & grow in
body
3 Factors Determining Infection
1) Number of organisms
2) Virulence of organism
–
–
______________ = ability to resist body’s
defenses
Toxigenicity = ability to produce poisons
3) Body’s defensive power
Types of Infection
• Primary = initial
• Secondary = 2nd infection, when body’s
resistance is lowered from fighting primary
infection w vulnerable
– often ________ than primary infection
– e.g., pneumonia
Immune System
• Tissues, organs, & processes
• Protects from foreign invasion
– Bacteria
– Viruses
– Fungi
• Removes damaged or _____________
Immune System Function
• ________________ Responses = attack any
invader
– Anatomical barriers = prevent entry
• (e.g., skin, nose & mouth mucous membranes)
– Phagocytosis = attack foreign particles
• Specific Responses = recognizes & attacks
specific invaders, immunity
Creating Immunity
• Vaccination = introduce weakened or dead
bacteria or viruses
Immune System Disorders
• Acquired Immune Deficiency Sydrome
(AIDS) = immune system destroyed
• Allergies = _____________ immune system
• Autoimmune disorder = immune sys attacks
body’s own cells
Stress & Disease
• Infection
• ______________
• Cardiovascular Disease
– Complex relationship
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Asthma
Arthritis
Diabetes
Hyperthyroidism