Transcript 1dent organs and tissuesx

Academic year: 2016/2017 1st semester
Changes
Model curriculum:
• Before: 40 lectures, 11 seminars
• Now: 30 seminars (15x2)
Teaching material:
• Every week Immunology chapters 8-10 pages (two
weeks in advance)
Material of the Self-Control Test:
• Based on the uploaded Immunology chapters and
the teaching material of the seminars
Requirements for Dentistry students
 Changing of the seminar group – week 1-3 with permission from the
Department
 Absences from the seminars:
• More than three absences from the seminars – Department will refuse to
sign the student’s Lecture book
• Possibility for make up (on the same week of the seminar, should be
communicated to both seminar teachers)
 SCTs: week 5, 11, 15:
• 14th of October 2016. (Friday) 6:30 pm –
• 25th of November 2016. (Friday) 8:30 am –
• 21st of December 2016. (Wednesday) 5:30 pm -
 Tresholds:
• 1st SCT above 60%
• 2nd and 3rd SCT above 50% (average)
160 – 204: pass (2)
205 – 239: satisfactory (3)
240 – 269: good (4)
270 – 300: excellent (5)
Materials for the lectures and seminars can be downloaded:
Web: www.immunology.unideb.hu
Downloads
Login: student
Password: download
List of books:
Uploaded Immunology Chapters
Education Office
Gabor Koncz, MSc., Ph.D (academic advisor)
Official hours:
• Tuesday: 2 – 4 pm
• Thursday: 10 – 12 pm
Place: LSB 2.209 (LifeScience Building 2nd wing 2nd floor)
Andrea Dajkane Racz (administrative manager)
Official hours:
• Monday - Friday: 9 – 12 am
Place: LSB 2.207 (LifeScience Building 2nd wing 2nd floor)
The immune system
THE TWO ARMS OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM
Differentiation between harmless and harmful impacts
DETECTION OF STRESS AND DANGER SIGNALS
INNATE IMMUNITY
Differentiation between self and non-self structures
Antigen-specific recognition
ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY
INNATE IMMUNITY
- immediate reaction
- not antigen-specific
- no memory
ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY
- developes in several days
- specific
- has
memory
Neutralization and elimination of foreign and harmful structures
COORDINATED AND REGULATED ACTIONS
Both the innate and adaptive arms of immunity are required for
elimination of pathogens
THE TWO ARMS OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM
Monocytes, Macrophages,
Monocytes, Macrophages,
Dendritic cells, Granulocytes, NK
Dendritic cells, Granulocytes, NK
cells and Complement components
cells and Complement components
B and T cells
OVERVIEW OF THE IMMUNE
SYSTEM
Monocytes/Macrophages
Dendritic cells
Granulocytes
The simplest
Schema of the immune system
Innate immunity
Intracellular
pathogens
Extracellular
pathogens
Adaptive Immunity
T cells
B cells
The main functions of the immune system:
Recognition
Communication
Elimination (effector functions)
The simplest
Schema of the immune system
Innate immunity
Recognition
Intracellular
pathogens
Communication
Elimination
Extracellular
pathogens
Adaptive Immunity
T cells
B cells
What can be recognised by the immune system?
RECOGNITION OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM
INNATE IMMUNITY
ADAPTIVE
IMMUNITY
Structures shared by
classes of microbes
Structural details of
specific microbial
molecules
WHAT CAN
(Pathogen-associated molecular
(Antigen)
patterns (PAMP))
CELLS
DIFFERENT MICROBES – BUT IDENTICALRECOGNIZE? DIFFERENT MICROBES – DISTINCT
MOLECULES!!!
STUCTURES!!!
Complex antigen:
Bacteri
a
Lipoproteins
Flagelli
n
„Carrier”
(no direct
interaction with
the antigenbinding site)
Peptidoglycans
LPS
Pattern Recognition
Receptors (PRR)
(non-antigen specific)
Epitope
s
RECEPTORS
TCR (on T cells) and BCR
(on B cells)
(antigen specific)
THE ANTIGEN
Definition and properties
Antigenic determinant (epitope)
Antigen recognition by B and T cells
DEFINITIONS
• ANTIGEN (Ag) - any substance, which is
specifically recognized by the mature immune
system of a given organism
Any chemical structure
Soluble or corpuscle
Simple or complex
Originated from the body or comes from outside
Genetically self or non-self
Natural or artificial
ANTIGENIC DETERMINANT (=EPITOPE)
Part of the antigen which
directly interacts with
the antigen-binding site
of a defined
immunoglobulin
(BCR / antibody)
or TCR
B cell epitope
T cell epitope
recognized by B cells
recognized by T cells
• proteins
polysaccharides
lipids
DNA
steroids
etc. (many artificial
molecules)
• proteins
(8-23 amino acids)
• cell or matrix associated
or soluble
• requires processing by
APC
Communication in the immune system
Cell-cell interaction
Soluble mediators
Soluble mediators:
Cytokines „hormons” of the immune system
citokinek
monokinek
interleukinek
kemokinek
limfokinek
interferonok
Elnevezés általában a termelő sejttípus alapján
Organization of the lymphoid
organs and tissues
LYMPHOID ORGANS
Primary lymphoid organs:
- Bone marrow
- Thymus
Secondary lymphoid organs:
- Spleen
- Lymphatic vessels
- Lymph nodes
- Adenoids and tonsils
- MALT (Mucosal Associated Lymphoid Tissue)
GALT (Gut Associated Lymphoid Tissue)
BALT (Bronchus Associated Lymphoid Tissue)
SALT (Skin Associated Lymphoid Tissue)
NALT (Nasal Associated Lymphoid Tissue)
Primary lymphoid organs
Bone marrow
GENERATION OF BLOOD CELLS DURING LIFE SPAN
BEFORE BIRTH
AFTER BIRTH
Cell number (%)
Yolk sac
80
Flat bones
Liver
60
40
Spleen
20
Tubular bones
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
years
months
BIRTH
BONE MARROW
TRANSPLANTATION
Structure of the bone marrow
Bone marrow
CELL TYPES OF THE BONE MARROW
Stem cells
Osteoblasts
Stromal cells
BONE
csont
Osteoclasts
B-cell precursors
Progenitors
Precursors
Dendritic cell
Central
centrális
sinus
sinus
Blood circulation
Unspecialized stem cells with unlimited proliferating capacity
SELF RENEWAL AND POTENCY OF DIFFERENTIATION OF STEM CELLS
HSC – assymetric cell division
self renewal
cell differentiation
Self renewal
Differentiation to
any precursor cell
BONE MARROW
HSC
MYELOID
PRECURSOR
HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELL
LYMPHOID
PRECURSOR
BLOOD
BLOOD
DC
monocyte mast neutrophil
TISSUES
DC
THYMUS
macrophage mast neutrophil
B-cell
NK-cell
T-cell
LYMPHOID TISSUES
B-cell
T-cell
Primary lymphoid organs
Thymus
STRUCTURE OF THE THYMUS
Thymocytes from the bone marrow arrive at the thymus and mature into naive T cells
Capsule
Septum
Blood
circulation
Epithelial cells
Thymocytes
Dendritic cell
Macrophage
Mature naive T- lymphocytes
Hassall’s corpuscle
THYMUS INVOLUTION
PERIPHERAL (or SECONDARY)
LYMPHOID ORGANS
The innitation of adaptive
immune response
• Lymph nodes
• Spleen
• Epithelial cell – associated lymphoid tissues
MALT (Mucosal Associated Lymphoid Tissue)
GALT (Gut Associated Lymphoid Tissue)
BALT (Bronchus Associated Lymphoid Tissue)
SALT (Skin Associated Lymphoid Tissue)
NALT (Nasal Associated Lymphoid Tissue)
Organization (levels) of immunocytes
Diffuse cells
Follicle
Patch
organ
LYMPHATIC CIRCULATION SYSTEM
Lymphatic vessels
Lymph circulates to the lymph node via afferent lymphatic vessels and then leaves the
lymph node via the efferent lymphatic vessels towards either a more central lymph
node or ultimately for drainage into a central venous subclavian blood vessel.
Lymph node
SPLEEN
SPLEEN
The spleen filters the
blood and serves as
a secondary
lymphoid organ
Spleen
Lymphocyte aggregations are
similar to the lymph node only
that cells and pathogens enter
from the blood
Red pulp- filters the blood; from
antigens, microorganisms and
worn-out RBCs