Transcript Ch 6 Lifeguarding

Ch 6 Lifeguarding
Before Providing Care & Victim
Assessment
Lesson Objectives
• Describe what precautions can be taken to
prevent disease transmission when providing
care.
• Describe the general procedures for injury or
sudden illness on land.
• Demonstrate proper removal of disposable
gloves.
• Demonstrate an initial assessment.
• Understand how to safely and effectively
move a victim on land
Before Providing Care
• Infectious disease
are spread from
infected people and
from animals,
insects or objects
that have been in
contact with them.
• Lifeguards must
protect themselves
and others from
infectious diseases.
Blood Borne Pathogens
• Are bacteria and viruses present in blood and
body fluids, which cause disease to humans.
• Bacteria can live outside the body
• Viruses are in the body and difficult to kill
• Are spread through direct or indirect contact
• The primary concern for professional rescuers
are hepatitis B, hepatitis C and HIV
Bacteria
• Can be treated with
antibiotics
• Strep throat
• Gonorrhea
• Anthrax
• Lyme disease
Viruses
• Few medications
can fight viruses
• The body’s immune
system is number
one protection
against infection
• Influenza
• Chickenpox
• Ebola
Viruses Continued
• Herpes
• Hepatitis
• HIV/AIDS
Herpes
• A highly contagious
STD that is caused
by two forms of
herpes simplexes
• Simplex 1-fever
blisters/ cold sores in
the mouth or lips
• Simplex 2-blister-like
lesions in the genital
areas
Hepatitis B
• Is a liver infection
• Can be severe or fatal
• Can be in the body for up to 6
months before symptoms
appear.
• Sign and symptoms: flu-like,
jaundice, fatigue, joint pain,
nausea, loss of appetite
• There is currently a vaccine (3
doses) must be made
available to all employees
who have occupational
exposure, including LG’s
Hepatitis C
• Liver disease
• Most common chronic
bloodborne infection in
the US
• Signs & symptoms:
similar to hbv, jaundice,
dark urine, abdominal
pain, loss of appetite,
nausea
• There is no vaccination
and no treatment after
exposure
• It is the leading cause of
liver transplants
HIV
• This virus causes AIDS
• Attacks white blood cells,
thus destroying the
immune system
• Signs & symptoms: many
• No cure or vaccination
Fact About AIDS
• The disease:
• Caused by HIV- Human Immunodeficiency
Virus
• Infections that strike people whose immune
systems are weakened by HIV are called
opportunistic infections.
• When a person has a significant drop in white
blood cells they are diagnosed as having AIDS
• AIDS- Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
Famous People Affected/ Died
From HIV/AIDS
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Arthur Ashe
Rock Hudson
Liberache
Freddy Mercury
Anthony Perkins
Robert Reed
Eazy-E
Greg Louganis
Perry Ellis
Magic Johnson
How is the Disease Transmitted?
• The virus enters three basic ways:
• Through direct contact with the blood
stream (blood, semen, vaginal fluids,
breast milk)
• Through the mucous membrane linings
(eyes, mouth, throat, rectum, vagina)
• Mother to unborn baby
How Pathogens Spread
(pp 87-88)
• 4 conditions must be met for a pathogen
to spread:
– A pathogen present
– A sufficient quantity of the pathogen is
present to cause disease
– A person is susceptible to the pathogen
– The pathogen passes through the correct
entry site (eyes, mouth or other mucous
membranes, non-intact skin or skin pierced
by needlesticks, human bites, cuts, etc.)
Direct contact
• Occurs when infected
blood or body fluids
from one person’s
enters another person’s
body
• Kissing
• Touching
• Sex
• Blood splashing in the
eye or from directly
touching the body fluids.
Indirect contact
• Occurs when a person touches
an object that contains the blood
or body fluid
• Coming in contact with something
that has been touched by
droplets of an infected person
• Picking up blood-soaked
bandages
• Sneeze
• Cough
Hennessey Facts:
~Sneezes can travel at a speed of 100 miles per hour and the wet
spray can radiate five feet.
~Donna Griffiths from Worcestershire, England sneezed for 978 days,
sneezing once every minute at the beginning. This is the longest
sneezing episode on record.
Prevention
• Your behavior can
put you at risk for
being infected with
HIV, HBV/HCV
• Sharing needles
• Unprotected sex
Universal/Standard Precautions
• These precautions require that ALL human
blood and substances be treated as if known
to be infectious.
• Make sure immunizations are up to date
• Avoid touching body fluids
• Wear disposable gloves & dispose of properly
• Wash hands before and after care
• Clean areas that come in contact with body
fluids (water/bleach solution)
Precautions continued (p.90)
• Use a pocket mask when giving mouth-tomouth resuscitation
• Don’t eat, drink, or touch your mouth, nose, or
eyes when giving care
• Be prepared by having first aid kit handy &
stocked with protective equipment & supplies
• Personal protective equipment: breathing
barriers, nonlatex disposable gloves, gowns,
masks, shields and protective eyewear.
Pocket Masks
Removing Latex Gloves
Skill Assessment…Glove
Removal (pp. 90-91 Fig.6-7)
General Procedures for Injury or
Sudden Illness on Land
• 1. Size up the scene
– Is scene safe?
– Look for dangers (down
power lines, traffic,
explosions, etc)
– Put on protective
equipment
– What happened?
– # of victims
– Additional help needed?
(fire, police, EMS)
General Procedures cont…
• 2. Perform Initial
Assessment
– Is done to identify
life-threatening
conditions
How to perform initial
assessment
• CHECK the victim for consciousness &
obtain CONSENT if victim is conscious
– Tap on shoulder, ask…are you ok? Pinch an infants toe
– IF NO RESPONSE…Summon EMS
• CHECK for signs of life (movement and
breathing)
– Look, listen, & feel
• CHECK for a pulse
– Carotid artery in neck (adult/child)
– Brachial artery inside arm/bicep (infant)
• CHECK severe bleeding
General Procedures cont…
• Summon EMS
– 9-1-1
– Give conditions
• Perform Secondary
Assessment
– Identifies additional
conditions
– May become life
threatening if not
cared for
Demonstrate & Practice
Performing Initial Assessment
Pages 95-96
Demonstrate & Practice
Emergency Moves (pp. 98-100)
• Two-person seat carry
• Walking assist
• Pack-strap carry