Transcript bloodborne pathogens - School District of Durand

BLOODBORNE PATHOGENS
For School Staff
Composed by Rita Keating RN
New Richmond Schools
Adapted by Kathy Dahl RN
School District of Durand
What are Blood Borne Pathogens?
Infectious organisms carried in blood that
can cause certain communicable
diseases such as Hepatitis B,
Hepatitis C, HIV/AIDS, and others.
HEPATITIS B VIRUS
• Poses the greatest
risk at school of all
Blood Borne
Pathogens.
• Causes serious liver
disease.
• Symptoms include
jaundice, fatigue,
abdominal pain, loss
of appetite, etc.
• Most infected people
recover but some
remain carriers and
can spread disease.
•  5,000 people die
from complications
linked to HBV every
year.
• More easily
transmitted than
Hepatitis C or HIV.
• Vaccinations can
prevent disease for
most people.
Hepatitis C virus:
• Similar to HBV in that it can cause serious
liver disease.
Major differences:
•  chance of being chronically infected.
• 75 % of those infected may have no
symptoms for  20 years.
• Biggest cause of liver transplants
• NO VACCINATIONS TO PREVENT HEPATITIS
C iNFECTION
HIV •
•
•
•
Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Attacks immune system.
Disease varies greatly from person to person.
Infected people may develop AIDS.
The # of HIV infected people who develop
serious illness and who die from AIDS has
decreased due to recent treatments.
• CDC estimates that at least half of all new
HIV cases are among <25 year olds.
• NO VACCINE TO PREVENT HIV INFECTION.
Occupational Exposure
• Occupational Exposure is the risk you have of
an exposure while doing your job.Most people
infected at work - had contaminated blood
splashed on broken skin, eyes, nose or mouth
or may be stuck by a contaminated needle, or
other sharp object.
• School employees have low risk because
exposure to blood is infrequent.
• When the need arises you need to be
prepared.
Transmission of BBP:
• Most easily spread through direct contact
with infected blood.
• Also spread through contact with other
potentially infectious materials including
semen, vaginal secretions, and any other
body fluid or tissue containing visible blood.
• Not included (unless there is visible blood)
are feces, urine, vomit, nasal secretions,
sputum, sweat, tears and saliva. The risk of
BBP transmission from these fluids is
extremely low.
Transmission of BBP
(continued):
• Most commonly transmitted through sharing needles
to inject drugs or through unprotected sexual
intercourse with an infected person.
• Also transmitted from mother to unborn child before
or during birth.
• Prior to 1992 spread through blood transfusions.
• At work is spread when contaminated skin contacts
broken skin or mucous membranes of eyes, nose, or
mouth.
• Also work transmission if contaminated sharp object
punctures your skin.
You cannot become infected by:
• Casual contact such as
coughing, sneezing , a kiss on
the cheek , a hug or drinking
from water fountains or sharing
food. These things will NOT
transmit Blood Borne
Pathogens.
How to protect yourself from
exposure:
1. Exposure Control Plan
• The School District of Durand has an
exposure control plan in each school nurse
office.
• Gloves are available to all staff who may be
exposed to Blood.
• First Aid supplies and kits to clean up blood
spills are available for all school sponsored
events.
Location of Emergency Clean
up Supplies/ First Aid Supplies
Caddie Woodlawn
• Custodian clean up supplies:
main floor janitor closet and furnace room on
lower level
• First aid supplies, including gloves
• Main office healthroom, classrooms for early
childhood and severely disabled,
playground/phy ed. fanny packs, field trip
first aid kits,buses,and teachers lounge and
available by request.
Location of Emergency Clean
up Supplies/ First Aid Supplies
Caddie Woodlawn (continued)
• Additional Personal Protective equipment:
rarely needed, but gown,shoe covers, face
shield located in health room and main office
• Pocket Mask for CPR: Health Room
• Sharps container: Health Room and with
individual student supplies as needed.
Location of Emergency Clean
up Supplies/ First Aid Supplies
Arkansaw Middle School:
• Custodian Cleanup Kits:located in janitor
closet by gym and cafetorium
• First Aid Supplies and clean up kits( includes
gloves):located in healthroom in main office,
Teachers lounge,Lab, kitchen and shop areas,
phyed and recess fanny packs,athletic dept.,
buses, field trip first aid kits, and given to
staff as requested.
Location of Emergency Clean
up Supplies/ First Aid Supplies
Arkansaw Middle School:continued
• .Personal Protective Equipment:rarely
needed but gown, shoe covers, face
shield,and cap available in Health room
and Janitor closet by gym
• Pocket Mask for CPR:Health Room
• Sharps Container:Health Room and with
student supplies when needed
Location of Emergency Clean
up Supplies/ First Aid Supplies
Durand High School
• Custodial Clean up kits: located in janitor
closet in each wing or level-contact custodian
on duty
• First Aid supplies and clean up kits(includes
gloves):located in Healthroom, Main office
bathroom,Whirlpool room,Teacher”s lounge,
Pupil Service conference room, Athletic
dept.,and in all necessary depts as needed.(
Shop,Labs, Kitchen areas, Band, etc.) First
Aid kits are on buses and available for
student field trips. Gloves available to staff by
Location of Emergency Clean
up Supplies/ First Aid Supplies
• Durand High School(continued)
• Additional Personal Protective equipment:
rarely needed but gown, gloves,face shield in
Health room and in custodian area.
• Pocket Mask for CPR: Health Room and
Whirlpool room. Extra face shields available
to coaches upon request.
• Sharps containers- Health room, maintenance
shop, Lab areas,
How to Protect yourself:
2. Universal Precautions What are Universal Precautions?
• Treating all blood as though it is infected with
BloodBorne Pathogens.
• Using certain outlined precautions in dealing
with all potentially infectious body fluids that
may contain blood.
• Universal Precautions are your First Line of
Defense.
What are these precautions?
1. Barriers - use gloves , cover any hand cuts
with bandaids before gloving. Gowns and eye
protection may be necessary for someone
dealing with a lot of blood or if it may spray.
2. Avoid touching the outside of contaminated
gloves, always wash your hands after
removing gloves.
3. Discard used gloves appropriately.
4. Wash hands immediately after contact with
blood or other body fluids and after removing
gloves.
5. Use hand sanitizer if no soap and water
available.
Precautions (continued):
6. Disinfect any contaminated surfaces with an
appropriate germicidal agent. HBV can survive on
surfaces for 7 days. (Suggestion for at home use is
mixture of 1 part bleach to 9 parts water)
7. Pick up broken glass with broom and dustpan - not
your hands. Do not reach into trash cans for anything.
8. Use a mouth barrier if you have to perform CPR.
Pocket Masks are located in each Health Room. CPR
certified staff members may request a handy
disposable face shield from school nurse.
Precautions (continued):
9. Dispose of needles, sharp objects in red
“sharps” containers in health offices. (Staff or
students with daily use of sharps or needles
will use sharp containers kept at the location
where the procedure is done.)
10. Any item with dripping blood will be placed
in a plastic bag with a biohazard label and
disposed of in a designated biohazard
container. Biohazard labels are with cleanup
supplies and spill kits in designated locations.
Biohazard waste containers are in all school
building at these locations:
High School-Custodial supply closet in Fine
Arts Hall
Middle School-Custodial supply closet by Gym
HBV Vaccine:
2nd Line of Defense
• Prevents Hepatitis B infection.
• The vaccine is very safe and effective.
• State of WI requires HBV vaccine for all
grades.
• Therefore most students have been
immunized against HBV.
• Vaccine series of 3 doses needs to be
completed for effectiveness.
How do I get the HBV vaccine?
• Offered to those in High-risk categories: CDS
staff, Early Childhood staff, Occupational
Therapists, Physical therapists, Custodial staff,
Maintenance staff, Building Principals,
Secretaries and Aides that have health room
responsibilities, and Coaches as determined by
Athletics Director. (see school nurse if you haven’t
been notified or have questions about your job and risk
of exposure)
• Three dose series of vaccines offered through
Pepin County PublicHealth and paid for by the
School District of Durand.
• If not offered it through school
responsibilities, contact your own MD and
insurance provider for further information.
What if you have not been immunized
against HBV?
• If you have not been vaccinated against
HBV and you have had an actual blood
exposure you can still begin the HBV
series within 24 hours of the exposure
and it is equally effective as if you had
been previously immunized!!
What does this mean when it
comes to first aid?
• Don’t avoid administering first aid!
• Be calm - reassure the victim.
• Minor scrapes and cuts - encourage victim to
administer their own 1st aid with some
direction from you until you can assist with
protection.
• If assistance needed put on a pair of gloves
or utilize some other barrier, be creative.
• Wash your hands when you are done.
“Teachable Moments”
• Model good behavior for students when it
comes to protecting yourself.
• Take the time to explain why you are putting
on gloves or washing your hands.
• Correct children when they try to help others
and risk exposure. Make sure they wash
their hands and explain why. Use health tips
from additiional resources at the end of this
presentation for lessons on Handwashing and
Communicable diseases.
Risky situations in schools:
BLOODY NOSES
• Students with bloody noses should sit up,
keep their heads slightly forward, pinch the
nostrils to stop the bleeding, and hold a
tissue under the nose to catch any blood.
• Direct the student to do this, if you need to
assist - put on gloves or use another barrier.
Most kindergarten students can do this.
• Students should dispose of their own bloody
tissues in an appropriate container, then
wash the blood off of their hands and skin.
Risky situations (continued):
ATHLETIC INJURIES
• Athletes should bandage existing cuts or
scrapes before participation.
• An athlete who is injured and bleeding should
stop play immediately, care for the injury &
replace any blood tainted clothing before
resuming play.
• Blood on equipment/surfaces needs to be
cleaned appropriately.
Risky situations (continued):
•
•
•
•
BITES
More common in Elementary school.
If bitten by anyone, immediately wash
the area with soap and water.
Both individuals should seek medical
attention.
Human bites that cause severe trauma
and bleeding can transmit bloodborne
and other pathogens.
Risky situations (continued):
•
•
•
•
SYRINGES OR NEEDLES
The CDC reports that used needles have been
found in public places.
Use caution if you come upon a syringe or
needle in the environment. Do not break,
bend, or recap the needles.
Use a broom or dustpan to pick up and
discard the object appropriately.
If accidentally stuck, wash with soap and
water immediately and seek medical
attention.
Risky situations (continued):
BODY FLUIDS
• If you have to deal with body fluids you must
wear gloves.
• Feces, urine, vomit, sputum, nasal secretions,
saliva and used tampons can harbor
infectious organisms, including BBP when
blood is visible.
• You will normally call custodian for cleanup
during school hours: but assist if necessary.
• Pick up or sop up with paper towels and
disinfect. Dispose of appropriately.
• WASH YOUR HANDS!
What to do if exposed??
• Immediately wash affected skin with soap and
warm water.
• Flush eyes and exposed mucous membranes
with large amounts of water.
• Report the exposure(bites, blood splash in
eyes or mouth or in breaks in skin) to the
Principal and School Nurse Immediately
• Remember that most exposures do not result
in infection.
Pictures of equipment and
supplies
• Caddie Health room-note pocket mask
and glove container
Pictures of equipment and
supplies
• Fanny Packs on hook by outside doors at
Caddie – Fanny packs for recess and PE
available in all buildings.
Pictures of equipment and
supplies
Custodial cleanup kits are labeled and
are also used at athletic events.
Pictures of equipment and
supplies
• Contents of
cleanup kits
• Cleanup
supplies also
given to
coaches.
Pictures of equipment and
supplies
• Bloody items that
are drippable and
pourable must be
labeled with a
biohazard label and
placed in biohazard
waste containers.
Pictures of equipment and
supplies
• Appropriate
disinfectant
• Follow
directions
carefully.
• Bleach and
water 1:10
dilution are
effective too.
DHS First Aid Supplies located in First Aid
Room 112 . Extra supplies located in
Whirlpool Room(lower left ) and in High
School Office Bathroom(above),Teachers
lounge also has a first aid kit accessible to
staff when main offices are locked.
Summary:
• Low exposure risk at school.
• Rare cases of HBV transmission reported but
NO cases of HIV transmission reported from
school exposure.
• Remember to treat all body fluids as if they
are infected.
• Use gloves, sanitizers, wash hands, follow all
other recommendations.
• DO NOT avoid administering first aid due to
fears - utilize Universal Precautions.
TRUE
1. Blood is the single most important
source of HIV, hepatitis B virus and
hepatitis C virus in the workplace.
FALSE
2. HIV poses a greater risk to school
personnel than hepatitis B or hepatitis C
because it is transmitted more easily.
TRUE
3. Most people infected with hepatitis B
do recover and clear the infection.
TRUE
4. Most people infected with hepatitis C
virus become chronically infected.
TRUE
5. Universal Precautions means I treat all
body fluids as if they are infected.
FALSE
6. Fortunately, there are vaccines to
prevent both hepatitis B and hepatitis C.
TRUE
7. If I need more gloves to keep in my
classroom or office I ask the school
nurse or heath room secretary in my
buiding.
TRUE
8. Hepatitis B virus can survive in dried
blood on surfaces for at least one week.
TRUE
9. You should treat all blood and body
fluids as though infected with some
pathogen.
TRUE
10. The risk of exposure to bloodborne
pathogens in the school setting is low.
Web links
Wisconsin Division of Public Health
Selected Handwashing Resources for
Schools
Immunization Resources for All Ages
Questions ??????
Please contact Kathy Dahl if you have any
questions about blood borne
pathogens, the Hepatitis B vaccine or
anything else.
[email protected] or by
phone in your building or cellphone
495-2922
References
•
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•
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Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (1999) Issues in Health
Care Settings: Universal precautions for prevention of transmission of
HIV and other bloodborne pathogens. Retrieved November 15, 2002,
from http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/hip/blood/universa.htm
Chin, J., MD, MPH (2000), Control of Communicable Diseases Manual
(17th ed.) Washington D.C.: American Public Health Association.
(Original work published 1917)
Coastal Training Technologies Corp. (1999). Bloodborne Pathogens in
Schools [Brochure]. Virginia Beach, VA
Coastal Video Communications Corp. (1992). Bloodborne Pathogens
[Brochure]. Virginia Beach, VA Grier, E. C., & Hodges, H. F. (1998).
HIV/AIDS: A challenge in the classroom. Public Health Nursing, 15(4),
257-262.
Hootman, J., RN, PhD. (1996). Quality Interventions in the School
Setting. Scarborough ME: National Association of School Nurses.
Middlemas, D. A., Jessee, B., Mulder, D. K., & Rehberg, R. S. (1997).
Exposure of athletic trainers to potentially infectious bodily fluids in the
high school. Journal of Athletic Training, 32(4), 320-322.