Transcript Bloodborne Pathogens and Prevention of Infection

Bloodborne Pathogens
and
Prevention of Infection
Concorde Career College, Portland
ST110
Objectives
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Identify common bloodborne pathogens
Describe the risk of bloodborne pathogens to
health care workers
List potentially infectious substances and their
modes of transmission
Describe how personal protective equipment
and work practice controls can be
implemented
Describe the healthcare worker’s role in
evaluation of workplace practices and devices
Describe post-exposure care
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Bloodborne Pathogens
HIV
HBV
HCV
Others
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Hepatitis
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Viral Infection of the liver that can lead to
cirrhosis and death
– Hepatitis
– Hepatitis
– Hepatitis
– Hepatitis
– Hepatitis
A
B (HBV)
C (HCV)
D (delta agent hepatitis)
E (HEV)
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AIDS/HIV Infection
Virus that infects and destroys
components of the immune system
 HIV infection develops into AIDS
 Pathogen destroys helper T cells
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– Review the CDC Information
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Progress of Infection
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Three main stages
– Initial infection
– Incubation period
– Full blown AIDS
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Diagnosis of HIV/AIDS
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Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
(ELISA)
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Western Blot Test or Immunofluorescent
Antibody (ISA)
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Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
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Other Blood-Borne Infections
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Cytomegalovirus
Fifth Disease
Human T-Cell
Lymphotropic Virus
Listeriosis
Malaria
Syphilis
Toxoplasmosis
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Risks to Health Care Workers
HIV – small
HCV – 900 annually
HBV – 9,000 annually
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Infectious Fluids
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Blood
Body fluids that
contain blood
Semen
Vaginal secretions
Fluid from around an
unborn baby
Spinal fluid
Fluid around the heart
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Infectious Fluids
(continued)
Fluid around the
lungs
 Fluid around joints
 Tissue removed from
the body
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Other Body Fluids
Potentially Infectious
 Tears
 Saliva
 Sputum/nasal
secretions
 Emesis
 Urine
 Feces
Not Infectious
 Sweat
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Transmission
Sexual contact
 Sharing needles
 Transfusions
 Mom  baby
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Transmission in the Workplace
Puncture wounds
 Contact with nonintact skin
 Mucous membranes
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Review Statistics – Risk Table
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Prevention of Infection
Universal Precautions – OSHA
Standard Precautions - CDC
Review the Requirements
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Hand Decontamination
After touching blood,
body fluids,
secretions, excretions,
contaminated items
 After gloves removed
 Between patient
contacts
 Waterless antiseptic
agents
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Review the Procedure
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Personal Protective Equipment
(PPE)
Provided by
employer
 Application,
removal, disposal
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Gloves
Handling blood/body fluids
 Performing invasive procedure
 Touching non-intact skin
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Gloves
Correct size
 Change if
contaminated
 Remove inside out
 Utility gloves
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Masks, Shields, Eyewear
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Used when splashing
expected
Replace when wet
Wash hands before
removing
Handle by side pieces
Protective
resuscitation
equipment
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Protective Clothing
Used when splashing
expected
 Remove if soiled
 Remove from inside
and roll
 Nondisposable
laundered by
employer
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Work Practice Controls
Sharps
 Lab materials
 Decontamination
 Laundry
 Waste
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Safer Medical Devices
Sharps with
engineered sharps
injury protections
 Needleless systems
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If a Needle Must Be Used…
Do not bend or break
 Immediately discard
in sharps containers
 Do not recap
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Documentation of Needlestick
Injuries
The type and brand of device involved
 The department or area where the
exposure occurred
 An explanation of how the exposure
occurred
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Other Work Practice Controls
Transport specimens in leakproof
containers labeled biological hazard
 Place warning labels on containers with
hazardous materials
 Do not eat, drink, smoke, apply cosmetics,
or handle contact lenses where exposure
likely
 Do not pipette chemicals or potentially
infected materials by mouth
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Spills
Put on gloves
 Wipe up with towel
 Dispose of
contaminated towel
 Apply bleach solution
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Linens
Wear gloves
 Place in impervious container if linen is to
be transported
 Label appropriately
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Waste
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Label as biohazard
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Post-Exposure
Wash area
 Notify supervisor
 Consult physician ASAP
 Report incident
 Obtain medical counseling
 Keep records confidential
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Summary
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Bloodborne pathogen
risks
Modes of transmission
Personal protective
equipment
Work practice controls
Evaluation of
practices/devices
Post-exposure care
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