Defense against Disease
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Transcript Defense against Disease
What defense do athletic trainers and
healthcare professionals have against
disease?
What can we do to prevent contracting
diseases?
Gloves
One-time use only
Different sizes available
Hands must be washed
after wearing gloves
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Goggles
Eyes remain vulnerable
to splashes of body
fluids if they are
unprotected
Use goggles or
protective safety glasses
Eyeglasses require side
splash protection to
prevent accidental
exposure
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Barrier devices: Masks
Provide protection from
blood and other body
fluids splashing into the
open mouth
Masks also provide
protection from inhaling
airborne infectious
particles
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U.S. Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention (CDC)
Federal government organization
Monitors outbreaks of infections
Advises affected groups how to handle the
situation and control the spread of disease
▪ Hepatitis B
▪ Tuberculosis
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Occupational Safety and Health Administration
Produces standards for infection control practice
Encourages compliance
Bloodborne Pathogens Rule (29 CFR 1910.1030)
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Standard Precautions
Infection control guidelines designed to protect
workers from exposure to disease spread by
contact with blood or other body fluids (AIDS,
hepatitis B, etc)
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Standard Precautions
Wash hands before/after all patient or specimen
contact
Treat all blood/soiled linens as potentially infectious
Wear gloves if contact with blood/body fluids
Place used syringes in sharps container
▪ Don’t recap or manipulate needles/sharps
Wear protective eyewear & mask if splatter is
possible
Wear mask if risk of tuberculosis or other airborne
organisms
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Loss depends on how much skin is damaged
and amount of force behind the bleeding
Arterial bleeding: bright red, tends to spurt
Capillary bleeding: low pressure, tends to ooze
Venous bleeding: darker red, tends to flow
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Bandages
Primary purpose is to hold dressing in place
▪ Roller bandage
▪ Elastic bandage
▪ Triangular bandage
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Types of dressings
Gauze: cotton, weave cloth;
many sizes
Non-adherent: doesn’t stick to
wound’s dried blood
Self-adherent: (bandaid)
Occlusive: prevent escape of air
and moisture from wound
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Watch for signs of
infection
Redness
Heat
Swelling
Pain
Loss of function
Red streaks up arms/legs
blood poisoning
PROTECT YOURSELF FIRST! gloves, mask,
goggles, etc.
1. Irrigate wound with clean, cool water
▪ May use mild soap
2. Apply sterile gauze
3. Apply first aid cream to prevent infection
4. Apply dry, sterile bandage
▪ Large enough to cover entire injury
5. Reapply new dressing/bandage daily as needed
Inadequate Circulation “hypoperfusion”
Potentially fatal physiological reaction
▪ Drop in blood pressure
▪ Reduced blood circulation
▪ Inadequate blood flow to tissues
Caused by illness, injury, hemorrhage & dehydration
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Hemorrhagic
Loss of blood from injury
Internal or external bleeding (i.e. open fractures or
ruptured spleen)
Respiratory
Lungs unable to supply enough oxygen to blood
Disease, illness, pulmonary contusion
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Cardiac
Inadequate functioning of the heart
Disease, infection or injury
Metabolic
Severe loss of body fluids
▪ Diarrhea, vomiting, disease or dehydration
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Anaphylactic Shock
Severe allergic reaction
Insect stings/bites, medications, foods
Anything from itchy eyes and runny nose to
circulatory/respiratory failure
Septic Shock
Caused by severe infection
Body tissues don’t get enough blood & oxygen
Affects vital organs
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Psychogenic Shock
Physiologic response to fear, stress, or emotional
crisis
Causes person to become faint
Caused by sudden temporary dilation of the blood
vessels reduces normal blood volume to the brain
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Signs & Symptoms
Restlessness/anxiety
Weak or rapid pulse
Cold, clammy skin
Profuse sweating
Pale/blue skin (palor/cyanosis)
Shallow respiration
Nausea/vomiting
Falling blood pressure
Loss of consciousness
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Maintain airway
Control all bleeding
Elevate extremities
Prevent loss of body heat
Do NOT eat or drink anything
Record vital signs periodically
Reassure victim
Activate EMS