First Aid Power Point Presentation
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Transcript First Aid Power Point Presentation
Basic Boating First Aid
Training Topics
First aid kit contents
Handling Basic Emergency Medical
Situations
Basic First Aid Kit
Buy or Build your own?
Make sure it’s well marked and easily
found on vessel
First Aid Book
Basic First Aid Kit
Adhesive bandage compress
Adhesive tape 1 in.
Bandage compress 2 in.
Bandage compress 4 in.
Triangular bandage
Absorbent gauze compresses
Gauze roller bandage 4 in.
Aluminum splint
Tourniquet
Eye dressing packet (pads and
strips)
Eye wash solution
Antiseptic swabs
Oral airway
Antibiotic ointment
Plastic strips (various sizes)
Latex gloves (Nitrile if allergic
to latex)
Bandage scissors
Non-adherent pads 2in. X 3 in.
Tweezers
Sunscreen (SPF 30 or higher)
Burn Treatment Bandages
Baby Aspirin, 81 mg.
Benadryl
First Aid book*
First Aid
Doing what must be done to:
Stabilize (before medically trained
personnel arrive)
Transport (to an appropriate medical
facility)
First Aid
Initial examination
Determine Primary Problem
Responsiveness
Airway
Breathing
Circulation
Determine Seriousness (Priority)
Look for any additional problems
Communication
Activate appropriate emergency
services
Call 911
Channel 16 USGC
Provide pertinent information
Receive advice for care
Information to provide
Name of vessel
Radio call sign
Location
Number of victims
Age
Sex
Description of
injury, illness, or
incident
State of
consciousness
Airway
Breathing
Signs of shock
Vital signs
Medical history
Treatment given
Neck or Spinal Injuries
Causes
Boating Collisions
Falls
Blunt trauma
Penetrating trauma to head, neck, or
torso
Springboard or platform diving
accidents
Neck or Spinal Injuries
Signs and Symptoms
Tenderness and/or pain at injury site
Soft tissue injuries with spinal injury
Numbness, tingling or weakness in
arms or legs
Difficulty breathing
Paralysis
Neck or Spinal Injuries
Protect Spine
Manual Stabilization
Hold patient’s head still
Maintain head in position found
Do not turn to either side
Do not tilt forward or backward
Neck or Spinal Injuries
Protect Spine
Manual Stabilization
Kneel behind the patient
Spread your fingers and thumbs around
the sides of the head
Hold the head steady
Shock
(Compensation)
Multiple Causes
Trauma (bleeding, blunt, burns)
Allergic reactions
Drugs
Hypothermia
Toxins
Emotional
Near drowning
Shock
Onset and Symptoms
Rapid or delayed (hours) after
apparent cause
Restless
Faint
Thirsty
Nauseated
Frightened
Weak
Anxious
Dizzy
Shock
Signs
State of consciousness: alert (may be
deceiving) to unconscious
Breathing: shallow, rapid, irregular
Pulse: weak and rapid
Skin: cold, clammy (sweating)
Pupils: dilated
Shock
Treatment
Position flat on back, feet raised (if no
head, neck or spine injury suspected)
Keep comfortable; Cover with blanket
if cold, Place in shade if hot
Nothing by mouth – you may moisten
lips
Never give alcohol
Anaphylaxis
Definition
An immediate, life threatening systemic
allergic reaction
Anaphylaxis
Triggers (examples)
Foods: peanuts, tree nuts, shellfish,
fish, milk, eggs, food additives
Medications: antibiotics, muscle
relaxants, seizure medications, betablockers
Insect stings: bees, wasps, hornets,
yellow jackets, fire ants
Exercise and cold
Anaphylaxis
Symptoms
Onset
Can be only seconds or up to 2 hours
after incident
Reaction may recur up to 24 hours
after first reaction
Anaphylaxis
Symptoms (General)
Hives
Bronchoconstriction (closing of
airway)
Headache
Loss of consciousness
Anaphylaxis
Do NOT minimize an allergic reaction
DEATH can occur within minutes
Anaphylaxis
Treatment
Obtain medical attention regardless of
response
Epinephrine (EpiPen®, AnaKit®) –if
individual has one.
Ice pack locally if applicable
Antihistamines (Benadryl)
Treat for shock
EpiPen®
1. Familiarize yourself with the unit
2. Grasp unit with black tip pointed downward
3. Form a fist around auto-injector, black tip
downward
4. With your other hand, pull off the gray activation
cap
5. Hold black tip near outer thigh
6. Swing and jab firmly at 90° angle into outer thigh
7. Hold firmly in thigh for 10 seconds
EpiPen® (cont.)
8. Remove unit and massage injection area for
several seconds
9. Check black tip:
If needle is exposed you received the dose
If not, repeat steps #5-8
10. Bend the needle back against a hard surface
11. Carefully put the unit (needle first) back into the
carrying tube (without the gray activation cap)
12. Recap the carrying tube
EpiPen® (cont.)
13. Immediately after use
Call 911 and activate emergency medical
services
If EMS not available, go immediately to the
nearest hospital emergency room
Tell the physician that you have received an
injection of epinephrine
Give your used EpiPen® to the physician for
inspection and proper disposal
Burns
Classified by depth
Size generally more important than degree
First degree (superficial): mildest
Second degree (partial thickness): inner
layer of skin
Third degree (full thickness): tissue
destroyed
Burns
Normal Skin
Dermis
Fat
Muscle
Burns
First Degree
Skin
Reddened
Only outer layer
of skin
Mild pain
Redness
Warmth
Tenderness
Burns
Second Degree
Inner layer of
skin
Red
Warm
Tender
Blister
Severe pain
Burns
Third Degree
Tissue is
destroyed
Charred (white to
black)
May lack feeling
Burns
Treatment
Do not remove burned clothing unless
it is smoldering
Cool burn rapidly (immerse burn in
cool water until pain relieved – 10
minutes maximum)
Always do a complete assessment –
there may be other serious injuries
Burns
Treatment (cont.)
Electrical: remove patient from source
with nonconductive material
Chemical: flush with water for 10-20
minutes
Cover with dry sterile dressing
Treat for shock
Always obtain medical care
Burns
Serious
Monitor airway
Reassess vital signs every 5 minutes
Do not give fluids by mouth
Do not place ice on any burn
Burns
Special Situations
Eyes
Flush with water for 5 minutes
Cover both eyes
Burns
Special Situations
Respiratory tract
Always a medical emergency
Singeing of nasal hairs
Cough
Hoarseness
Difficulty breathing
Near Drowning
Any Apparent Drowning
Evaluate for:
State of consciousness
Airway
Breathing
Circulation
Identify other injuries
Near Drowning
Treatment
Request medical assistance
Inform emergency services of status
CPR – check for responsiveness,
Treat for shock
Near Drowning
Treatment (cont.)
Remove wet clothing
Treat for hypothermia
Constantly monitor airway
Reassess vital signs every 5 minutes
Near Drowning
Documentation
Length of submersion
Temperature of water
Fresh or salt water
Use of drugs or alcohol
Treatment rendered
Hypothermia
Heat loss to water 32 times faster than
to air
May simulate or accompany shock
Hypothermia
Signs
Clouded mental capacity
Breathing: slow and labored
Pulse: weak, slow, irregular or absent
Skin: cold
Shivering
Muscular rigidity
Pupils: dilated
Speech: slurred (as intoxicated)
Hypothermia
Command Responsibility and Waiver
Authorization
Estimated Time Hours to Loss of
Useful
Consciousness
Dry Suit
Antiexposure
Coverall
Work Uniform
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
32 41 50 59 68
Water Temperature - Degrees Fahrenheit
Hypothermia
Treatment
Remove from cold
Place in warm, dry place
Body to body contact in blanket
Treat for shock- Gently
Nothing by mouth
Never give alcohol
Do not rub frozen areas
Always obtain medical care
Heat and Dehydration
Dehydration can occur insidiously
Before you leave drink 2-3 glasses of
fluid
Maintain hydration 4-8 ounces every
30-60 minutes.
Do not drink caffeinated beverages
Do not drink alcoholic beverages
Use shade and head cover
Heat and Dehydration
Heat cramps
Heat Exhaustion - dehydration
Heat Stroke - hyperthermia
Not perspiring, feeling hot, person may
not be adapting to the heat.
Cool down
Seek medical care immediately
Bleeding
External
Apply direct pressure
Elevate wound
Use pressure points
Apply tourniquet (last resort)
Internal
May not be apparent
Abdominal
Extremities
Bleeding
Direct Pressure
Use a sterile dressing or clean cloth
Fold to form pad
Apply pressure directly over wound
Fasten with bandage; knot over wound
If bleeding continues, add second
pressure dressing
Bleeding
Pressure Points
Apply pressure where artery lies near
skin over bone.
Bleeding
Pressure Points
Use pressure point closest to wound,
between wound and heart
Superficial arteries: use flat surface of
several fingers
Femoral artery, use heel of one hand
Bleeding
Tourniquet
Use only if bleeding uncontrolled
Use wide device
Place two inches above wound
Use enough pressure to stop bleeding
Do not remove until directed to by
competent medical resources
Place letter T on forehead and time applied
Bleeding
Tourniquet
Fractures
Signs and Symptoms
Pain
Swelling
Bruise
Deformity
False Motion
Crepitus
Tenderness
Exposed
fragment
Locked joint
Guarding
Unable to support
weight
Fracture
Simple
Two distinct bone
fragments
Fracture
Compound
Bone penetrates
through skin
Fractures
Treatment
Remove clothing from area
Check ability to move and feel below
fracture
Check circulation below fracture
Cover open wound
Splint
Immobilize joints above and below fracture
Reduces pain
Prevents additional damage
Pad all rigid splints
Fractures
Treatment (cont.)
When in doubt, SPLINT
Ice – not directly to skin
Position injured limb slightly above
level of heart if easily possible
Immobilize all suspected spinal
injuries
Treat for shock
Seek medical attention
Fractures
Splinting and Immobilizing
Sling
Triangle bandage under injured arm; over
uninjured shoulder
Tie ends of sling at side of neck – pad
under knot
Secure arm with cravat under good arm
Fractures
Splinting and Immobilizing
(cont.)
Splints
Shirt Flap
Magazine
Shirttail
Formula for Safe Boating
BE TRAINED
BE PREPARED
BOAT SAFELY
BOAT SMART
HAVE A FLOAT PLAN*