Transcript Bleeding and Shock

Blood enters the heart through the
and
vena cava into the
. Blood
then travels through the
valve into the
. Blood then travels through the
valve into the
to
the
to pick up
and release
. Blood returns to the heart through
the
into the
Blood goes
through the
valve into the
Blood is pumped out of the
to the rest of the
.
VITALS SIGNS
BLOOD PRESSURE (BP)
When the heart pumps blood into the arteries, the
surge of blood filling the vessels creates pressure
against the vessels walls
Represented by two numbers: systolic and diastolic
Systolic pressure is the higher pressure number
 Contraction of the left ventricle
Diastolic pressure is the lower pressure number
 Relaxation of the ventricle
Average adult blood pressure is 120/80
Pulse pressure is the difference between
the systolic and diastolic readings
 Average is 40 (120-80)
Athletes have lower BP due to heart
being stronger and more efficient
 Less effort to circulate blood
High Blood Pressure (Hypertension)
 140/90
Low Blood Pressure (Hypotension)
 90/40
PULSE
Rhythmical beating of the heart
Expansion and contraction of the arteries as blood
flows through them
The pulse can be found in 7 different locations




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

Brachial artery – inner border of the biceps
Common Carotid artery – in neck
Femoral artery – groin
Dorsalis Pedis artery – anterior surface of the foot
Popliteal artery – behind the knee
Radial artery – at the wrist thumb side
Temporal artery – slightly above the outer edge of the eye
Pulse rate for athletes is significantly lower
TARGET HEART
RATE
Percentage of the maximum heart rate that is safe to
reach during exercise
AHA recommends 50-75% for average healthy
person
Calculated 220-age
THR is sliding scale that decreases with age
Tool for measuring cardiovascular exercise
Maintain THR for 15-30 min daily health benefits
WOUND CARE
TYPES OF BLEEDING
•All need prompt attention to prevent
shock, infection, and possible loss of life
•Arterial
• Severe bleeding
• Bright red blood that spurts or pulses
• Corresponds to the heart beat
• Can lose a large amount in a short period of time
• Most serious type and can be fatal
• Apply pressure and activate EMS immediately
VENOUS
• Steady blood flow
• Blood will appear bluish-red due to
lower oxygen levels
• Veins are closer to surface to easier
to control
• Direct pressure and compression
best way to control bleeding
CAPILLARY
• Slow and oozes
• Blood clotting occurs rapidly
• Slow bleeding carries a risk of
infection
• Bandage with sterile dressing
PROTECTING BODY
FROM EXPOSURE
Protective equipment should be worn anytime
dealing with an open wound
The type of injury will determine the type of
barrier needed
Caregivers should always protect themselves
Wash hands before and after care
Can protect self using gloves, eyewear, and masks
GLOVES
Must be worn when treating any injury involving
body fluids
Latex are the best material because they resist tears,
highly elastic, and gives the wearer good sensitivity
Latex gloves have outstanding barrier properties
Individuals with a latex allergy can buy latex-free
gloves
Must be discarded properly to reduce exposure
Gloves should be taken off inside out to trap any
pathogens within glove barrier
OSHA GUIDELINES FOR
INFECTIOUS DISEASE
CONTROL
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
 Organization within the federal government that monitors
outbreaks of infections
 Advises affected groups on how to handle the situation and
control the spread of disease
OSHA
 Produces standards for infections control practice by medical
care workers
 One of the first standards and practice rules was the
Bloodborne Pathogens rule
Standard precautions
 Infection control guidelines designed to protect workers from
exposure to disease spread by contact with blood or other
bodily fluids
WOUND CARE
Open wound
Irrigate with clean, cool water to wash
away any foreign particles
Use a mild soap to help control infections
Foreign particles must be removed or
infection with result
Refer if necessary
MINOR CUTS AND
ABRASIONS
Wash and dry
Treat with first aid cream to prevent infections
Apply sterile bandage which should be changed daily
Bandage should be large enough to cover area
Do not secure to tight or circulation will be cut off to the
area
Athlete should check for signs of infection regularly
Athlete should be instructed on how to clean and manage
wounds
 Infected wounds increases healing time
BANDAGES AND DRESSING
Will ensure proper healing and infection control
Dressing is the material placed directly on wound
 Large enough to cover injury
 Sterile to prevent infection
Bandage is the material that holds the dressing in
place
Gauze dressing
 Made of cotton, woven into a flexible absorbent cloth
Occlusive dressing
 Prevent air and moisture from entering or escaping the wound
 Often have a petroleum gel or a thin plastic film
BANDAGE
GUIDELINES
Select the proper size and material
Remove anything that interferes with
bandaging
Never reuse a dressing or bandage, only
use sterile material
Should be snug but not too tight
Leave fingers and toes exposed to check for
circulation
SIGNS OF
INFECTION
Redness
Swelling
Increased pain
Oozing of pus
Increase in body temperature
Red streak on arm or leg – possible blood
poisoning
 Emergency
WOUND MANAGEMENT
BROCHURE
Use at least 3 different colors
 Types of bleeding
 List their name and description
 Types of dressings
 List each name and their definition
 Bandage guidelines
 List the guidelines
 Signs of infection
 List the symptoms to look for
 Each type of wound and how to clean/manage
BINGO WORDS
Ventricle
Arterioles
Coronary Arteries
Oxygen
Atrium
Vein
Capillaries
Pulmonary Vein
Carbon Dioxide
Arterial Bleeding
Tricuspid Valve
Venous Bleeding
Artery
Capillary Bleeding
Heart
Platelets
Lungs
Red Blood cell
Venule
White Blood Cell
Mitral Valve
Arterial Bleeding
Pulmonary Artery
Gauze Dressing
Capillary Bleeding
Occlusive Dressing
Blood Pressure
Pulse