Transcript First Aid - Ms. DElio

First Aid
What is an accident?
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Accidents happen every day, but what are
they?
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Accidents are any event that was not intended
to happen
What are some examples of events that are
accidents?
What is first aid?
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Immediate temporary care given to an
injured or ill person until her or she can get
professional help.
Why is it important to know basic first
aid?
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Can prevent further injury
Can speed recovery
Knowing how to correctly give first aid can
be the difference between life and death
First-Aid Supplies
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The following supplies
are typically found in a
first-aid kit…
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Tweezers
Scissors
Thermometer
Cotton swabs
Cold pack
Antiseptic ointment
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More first-aid kit
supplies…
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Guaze pads
Adhesive tape
Adhesive bandages
Tissues
Hand cleaner
Disposable gloves
Plastic bags
What is EMS?
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Emergency Medical Services
A network of police, fire and medical
personnel, and other community resources
The EMS System
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The chain of command: 5 links
1.
Citizen responder (YOU)
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2.
EMS dispatcher
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3.
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First official on scene, usually police.
Takes control, gives higher level of care
EMT (emergency medical technician)
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5.
Answers your call, directs police/EMTs to scene
Keeps citizen responder calm.
1st Responder
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4.
Recognizes emergency and calls 9-1-1
Medically trained personnel, give care at the scene
Transports injured person to hospital
Hospital
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Doctors, nurses, and emergency staff
How do you fit in to the EMS system?
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Your role as the Citizen Responder
includes four steps:
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Recognize that an emergency exists
Decide to act
Activate the EMS
Give care until help arrives
STEP 1: Recognizing Emergencies
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Often signaled by something unusual that
catches your attention
Use your senses! (hearing, sight, smell)
Look for…
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Unusual sights
Unusual appearances or behaviors
Unusual odors
Unusual noises
Unusual Sights
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Car run off the road
Downed electrical wires
Person lying motionless
Smoke or fire
Spilled medication
Broken glass
Unusual Appearances or Behaviors
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Unconsciousness
Trouble breathing
Unusual skin color
Clutching chest or throat
Confused behavior or speech
Unable to move body part
Unusual Odors
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Stronger than usual smells
Gasoline fumes
Chemical smell at home
If there is an unusual or very strong odor,
LEAVE THE AREA because some fumes
are POISONUS!
Unusual Noises
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Screaming, yelling, moaning or calling for
help
Breaking glass
Screeching tires
Sudden loud or strange sounds (falling
ladders, collapsing of building)
Unusual silence
STEP 2: Decide to act
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You may feel hesitant or want to back away
if…
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There are other people around
Don’t feel comfortable with the injury
Fear of catching a disease
Fear of doing something wrong
Fear of being sued
Unsure of when to call 911
Good Samaritan Laws
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Give legal protection to people who willingly
provide emergency care to ill or injured people
without accepting anything in return
Act like a “reasonable and prudent person”
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Move a person only if their life is in danger
Ask a conscious person for permission before giving care
Check for life-threatening conditions
Call 9-1-1
Give care until more highly trained personnel arrive
Spread of Disease
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Infectious diseases develop when germs
invade the body and cause illness.
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Most common germs - bacteria and viruses
Spread through touching, breathing and
biting
Universal Precautions
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WASH YOUR HANDS AFTER GIVING FIRST AID!
Avoid contact with blood or other body fluids
Use protective breathing barriers
Use bandage to cover any of YOUR cuts, sores, scrapes or
skin conditions
Use gloves
Don’t eat, drink, or touch your mouth, nose or eyes until you
have washed your hands
Do not touch personal items until hands are washed
Do not touch blood soiled objects
Tell EMS personnel if you came into direct contact with any
blood or body fluids
Step 3: Activate EMS system
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Call 9-1-1
Describe the emergency to the operator
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Include where you are (address or describe
location)
Stay on phone until told to hang out
Operator will alert police, fire, etc…
Step 4: Provide care until help arrives
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Stay with victim until help arrives
Loosen tight clothing
Use coat or blanket to keep them warm
Provide shade if the weather is warm
HIV and AIDS
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AIDS – Acquired immune deficiency syndrome
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Condition caused by HIV
HIV damages the immune systems that fight
infection
Weakened immune systems allow infections to
develop
People with HIV might not look or feel sick
People with AIDS develop life-threatening
infections, which lead to death
NO VACCINE FOR HIV, PREVENTION IS BEST
Transmission of HIV during First Aid
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Unprotected direct contact with infected blood.
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Infected blood/fluids from one person enter another
person through entry sight (eyes, mouth)
Ex) blood splashes from infected person into the
responders eye
Unprotected indirect contact with infected blood
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Touch an object that contained infected blood/fluids and
the infected blood/fluids enter body through entry site
Ex) responder picks up blood soaked bandage with bare
hand and the infected blood enters through a cut in the
skin
Testing
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If you think you put yourself at risk for
contracting HIV, get tested!
Questions?
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Can call the Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention (CDC) national AIDS hotline:
1-800-342-2437