Transcript HIV and AIDS Objectives

Bloodborne
Pathogens
Unit 1
HIV, AIDS,
and Hepatitis
Lesson 1: Communicable Diseases
Objectives:
In this lesson, you will:
• Learn the difference
between infectious and
communicable disease.
• Explore how disease
spreads from person to
person.
Infectious & Communicable Diseases
• An infectious disease
results from an invasion of
microorganisms.
• A communicable disease is
a type of infectious disease
that can be transmitted
from one person to
another person.
• Not all infectious diseases
are communicable.
Chain of Infection
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Causative agent
Reservoir
Portal of exit
Mode of transmission
Portal of entry
Susceptible host
What is the best way to break
the chain of infection?
Wash your
hands
frequently!
Modes of Transmission
Bloodborne Transmission
The blood of an infected person
can be loaded with pathogens,
making contact with blood highrisk for healthy individuals and
workers in the medical field.
Airborne Transmission
Droplets in a sneeze or cough
easily transmit pathogens
through the air.
Modes of Transmission
Vectorborne Transmission
Outside sources, such as
mosquitoes and ticks, have the
potential to transmit pathogens.
Casual Contact
This means that the pathogen is spread
through close body-to-body contact,
such as a hug, or sharing personal items,
such as a hairbrush or drinking glass.
Modes of Transmission
Sexual Transmission
Sexual contact with an infected
person spreads infection through
semen and vaginal fluids.
Foodborne Transmission
Contaminated or infected foods
spread infection once they are
ingested.
Lesson 1: Communicable Diseases
Summary:
In this lesson, you have:
• Learned the difference
between infectious and
communicable disease.
• Explored how disease
spreads from person to
person.
Lesson 2:
HIV and AIDS
Objectives:
In this lesson, you will:
• Explain the difference between
HIV and AIDS.
• Distinguish fact from fiction.
• Explain how HIV and AIDS
affect the body.
• Identify laws that assist those
infected with HIV and AIDS.
What does HIV stand for?
Human
Immunodeficiency
Virus
HIV
• Affects the body’s
immune system by
attacking T helper cells
and multiplying
• Patients can live many
years with few or no
symptoms
• Left untreated, HIV
weakens the body’s
defenses until the point
where AIDS is diagnosed
What does AIDS stand for?
Acquired
Immune
Deficiency
Syndrome
• Patient’s immune
system so weak it can
no longer fight illness
• Diagnosis made by a
measurement of
immune system
function or when the
patient contracts certain
infections
• Common infections
become life-threatening
AIDS
How is HIV transmitted?
Blood
Semen &
vaginal fluid
Breast milk
Legal Protections
• The Ryan White CARE Act funds
medical care for HIV and AIDS
patients.
• The Americans with Disabilities
Act protects patients, suspected
patients, and associated
individuals from discrimination
in public, at work, and in school.
Lesson 2:
HIV and AIDS
Summary:
In this lesson, you have:
• Explained the difference
between HIV and AIDS.
• Distinguished fact from fiction.
• Explained how HIV and AIDS
affect the body.
• Identified laws that assist those
infected with HIV and AIDS.
Lesson 3:
Hepatitis
Objectives:
In this lesson, you will:
• Explain the difference
between acute and chronic
infections.
• Discover the five types of
hepatitis.
• Explore the risk hepatitis
poses to health care
facilities.
What is Hepatitis?
• Inflammation of the liver
• Affects over 500 million
people worldwide
• Over 1 million die of
hepatitis each year
Acute vs. Chronic
• Recovery within a year
• No lasting side effects
• Long-term symptoms
• Can cause cirrhosis,
liver cancer, or liver
failure
Five Types of Viral Hepatitis
• Hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E
• Hepatitis A & B can be vaccinated against.
• Hepatitis B & C are common in health care
settings.
• OSHA requires that the hepatitis B vaccine
be offered for free to healthcare workers.
• Standard precautions and infection control
practices can prevent the transmission of
hepatitis.
Non-Viral Hepatitis
• Caused by alcohol, toxins, and certain
diseases
• Alcohol-induced hepatitis is the most
common cause of cirrhosis, which is
when scar tissue affects the function of
the liver.
Lesson 3:
Hepatitis
Summary:
In this lesson, you have:
• Explained the difference
between acute and chronic
infections.
• Discovered the five types of
hepatitis.
• Explored the risk hepatitis
poses to health care
facilities.
Lesson 4: Testing
Objectives:
In this lesson, you will:
• Explore the testing procedures
for HIV and hepatitis.
• Learn about the legal issues of
testing and reporting.
• Identify community resources.
Test Sites
• Hospitals
• Doctor’s offices
• Health clinics
• Family planning
& STD centers
• Drug treatment
facilities
Tests can be either
confidential or
anonymous.
Pre-HIV Test Counseling
Health care provider takes a
brief health history, looking
for high risk behaviors such as:
– Unprotected sex
– Multiple sexual partners
– Drug use
Testing Methods
• Tests look for antibodies
created in a process called
seroconversion to attack
HIV pathogens.
• Often a simple blood test
• Can also use oral fluid or
urine
• Another option is a home
test that is sent to a lab
Post-HIV Test Counseling
• If negative, the patient should be
retested in three months to give
the body time to react to the
disease and create antibodies.
• If positive, the patient should
inform sexual partners who may
have been exposed.
• Federal government has agencies,
committees, and programs to
help HIV-positive patients.
Reporting
• States are required to
report the names of those
who test positive to the
federal government.
• For anonymous tests, the
provider only reports that
an HIV-positive test has
occurred.
Lesson 4: Testing
Summary:
In this lesson, you have:
• Explored the testing procedures
for HIV and hepatitis.
• Learned about the legal issues
of testing and reporting.
• Identified community resources.