Transcript Communicable Diseases

Communicable and Noncommunicable
Diseases
After this lesson you will be able
to:
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Compare and contrast between noncommunicable and communicable diseases
Define the common pathogens that cause
communicable diseases
Distinguish between communicable
and non-communicable diseases
 Non-Communicable disease
 Also called non-infectious
diseases
 For example: Heart disease
 Communicable diseases
 Also called infectious diseases.
 Passed through direct/indirect
contact
Non-communicable diseases
 Diseases that CANNOT be spread
from one person/thing to another
 Diseases that are not caused by
pathogens (bad germs)
 Can affect any system in the body
(circulatory, nervous, respiratory)
 Can be treated but not usually cured
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Causes of non-communicable
diseases
1. Hereditary- passed from parent to child
 2.
Environmental
 Where you live –or work
 For example: Nuclear power plant
 3. Lifestyle
 Poor health habits – tanning, smoking,
drinking, poor diet, lack of exercise and
emotional stress.
Preventing non-communicable disease
 Have a balanced diet
 Get
regular exercise
 Avoid
tobacco, alcohol, and other drugs
 Regular
check-ups can identify early
warning signs
Common Non-Communicable
Diseases
 Cancer
 Cardiovascular
 Heart
Attack
 Stroke
disease
Communicable Diseases
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Definition
Caused by direct or indirect
spread of pathogens (bad germs)
from a person or thing to
another.
Pathogens and Vectors
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Pathogens are disease causing agents (bad
germs)
Vectors are disease-causing organisms that carry
pathogens from one host to another
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For example:
Mosquitoes transmit malaria
 Ticks transmit Lyme disease
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How diseases are spread
Direct contact - touching infected area
of person
Indirect - sneezing, coughing, sharing
personal items
Contact with vectors (animals and
insects) - bites
Other contact - eating contaminated
foods
Where Diseases Enter The Body
Mouth
Eyes
Nose
A break in
skin (cuts)
Genitals
Prevention for communicable
diseases
 Wash hands
 Cover mouth when sneezing or
coughing
 Proper care of food, don’t share food
 Eat healthy and exercise to improve
immune system
 Shower daily
Common Types of
Pathogens
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Bacteria
Virus
Fungi
Protozoan
Bacteria
 (100
million will fit in a grain of
sand.)
 Most common of all pathogens.
 Most DO NOT cause disease.
 Reproduces through cell
division.
 Examples:Strep throat , Lyme
disease
Bacteria Video
http://webcast.mediaondemand.com/library_video/20000901/27_bacteria_300.asx
Virus
All viruses are considered Parasites
 Smallest and simplest of microorganisms.
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Can only live on living cells
It tricks human cells to reproduce
more viruses.
 Examples- chicken pox, cold, flu,
measles, rabies, HIV/AIDS
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Protozoa
Most are harmless
 One celled organism
 Grows in water
 Multiples quickly in moist places
 For example: Malaria
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Fungi
Live off non-living things.
 Include molds, yeast, and
mushrooms
 Live in warm moist places such as
locker room floors
 Examples: Ring worm / athletes
foot
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Fungi
Athlete’s Foot
Ring Worm
The Body’s Primary Defenses
Against Diseases
 Skin
 Mucus
 Cilia
Membrane
Body’s Primary Defenses Against
 Skin
Communicable Diseases
Most
important –
keeps out
harmful germs
Produces sweat
that kills some
types of
pathogens
Body’s Defense Against Communicable
Disease
 Mucus
Membrane
Cells that line nose, mouth and
throat produce mucus to trap
germs
Body’s Defense Against Communicable
Disease
 Cilia
Wavelike
hairs that sweep out germs
from throat, nose, etc
Body’s Secondary Defenses
•Fever – the temperature of the body increases to slow
multiplication of pathogens
•White Blood Cells – special cells that kill pathogens
•Chemical Barriers – tears and saliva
•Reflexes – blinking, coughing and sneezing
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