Transcript Communicable Diseases

Communicable Diseases
Chapter 13
Disease
 Any
condition that interferes
with the normal or proper
functioning of the body or mind
Communicable Disease
A
disease that can be spread to a
person from another person, an
animal, or an object
Germs
 Organisms
that are so small they
can only be seen through a
microscope
 Communicable diseases are
caused by germs!!!
Pathogens
 Germs
that cause diseases
Infection
A
condition that happens when
pathogens enter the body,
multiply, and cause harm
**When the body cannot fight off
an infection that is when a
disease develops
4
BASIC KINDS OF
PATHOGENS
1. VIRUS
 Smallest
pathogen
 Not alive
 Examples: Mono, Flu, Herpes,
Measles, Chicken Pox
2. BACTERIA
 Simple
one-celled organisms
 Most kinds are good and fight off
infections
 Harmful bacteria cause diseases
such as strep throat and
pneumonia
3. FUNGI
 Organisms
that are more
complex than bacteria but cannot
make their own food
 Thrive in warm, moist
environments
 Examples: Athlete’s foot and
ringworm
4. PROTOZOA
 One-celled
organisms
 Some can cause serious disease
 Malaria is caused by protozoa
and is transferred to people
through mosquito bites
6 WAYS
PATHOGENS ARE
SPREAD
 1.
Direct contact
with others
 *Wash your
hands often with
soap
 2.
Indirect
contact with
others
 *Never share
eating utensils,
cups, or personal
items such as
toothbrushes or
razors
 3.
Contact
with someone
else’s blood
 Spreads HIV
or other
infections
 4.
Sexual
contact
 Spreads STI’s
such as
chlamydia,
genital warts,
& syphilis
 5.
Contact
with
contaminated
food or water
 Cook foods
thoroughly,
store dairy
properly
 6.
Contact
with animals
or insects
 Mosquitoes
spread West
Nile virus,
other animals
spread rabies
5 Barriers that Block Pathogens
 Tears, Saliva, Skin, Mucous
Membranes, and Stomach Acid
 Your
body can block, trap, or
break down most pathogens
before they make you sick
Immune System
A
combination of body defenses
that fight pathogens in the body
 Goes
to work if pathogens get
past the barriers
Immunity
 The
ability to resist the
pathogens that cause a particular
disease
 Example: mothers pass immunity
to their babies during pregnancy
and during breast feeding
Vaccines
A
preparation of dead or weakened
pathogens that is introduced into
the body to cause an immune
response
 Because
they are dead they cannot
make you sick but your body builds
barriers to stop the live pathogens
Common Communicable Diseases
 Cold
– no vaccine because there
are too many different viruses
 The
Flu – affect you more quickly
than cold symptoms
 Flu season is December-March
The Contagious Period
 The
length of time that a
particular disease can spread
from person to person
 Often includes a length of time
before the infected person shows
signs of being sick
 Chicken Pox – 1 week before
signs of symptoms
Communicable Diseases
 Mono
- “the
kissing disease”
spread by
coming into
contact with
the saliva of an
infected person
 Hepatitis
– A,B,
and C
 Hep A – from
contaminated
water or food
 Hep B & C –
contaminated
blood
 Pneumonia
–
serious
inflammation of
the lungs
 Spread through
direct or
indirect contact
with infected
person
 Strep Throat
–
caused by
bacteria
 Spread through
people coughing
or breathing
infected air
 Must be treated
KEEPING PATHOGENS FROM
SPREADING
 Hygiene – cleanliness
 Eating foods that are good for
you, getting exercise, sleeping
well and keeping environment
clean
How to Protect Yourself from
Getting Sick
 Avoid close contact with people
who have a communicable
disease
 Never share eating utensils, cups,
or glasses
 Wash your hands thoroughly and
often, especially before eating or
preparing food
 Keep
your fingers and hands away
from your mouth, nose, and eyes
 Don’t bite your nails
 Empty the trash often
 Handle and prepare food safely
 Keep pets clean and healthy
Ways to Protect Others
 Tell
a parent if you feel sick
 If you are ill, stay home from
school and other public places
 Cover your nose and mouth
when you sneeze or cough
 Use a tissue only once and throw
it away
 Take
medicine a doctor has given
you and take it until it is gone
LIVE A HEALTHFUL LIFESTYLE
 EAT A
BALANCED DIET
 BATHE OR SHOWER
REGULARLY WITH SOAP
 REST WHEN YOU ARE SICK
 GET 8-9 HOURS OF SLEEP
 AVOID TOBACCO, DRUGS
AND ALCOHOL