Transcript Communicable Diseases

October 31, 2016
• Entry task: What are some things you can do to
prevent the spread of communicable diseases?
• Target: Identify risks associated with communicable
diseases
Communicable Diseases
Cover your mouth when you sneeze, or risk spreading the disease!
• A disease spread from one person or animal to another person
• Caused by infective agents (pathogens)
• Example: Bacteria, Virus
• Pathogens multiply and damage the cells and their functioning
• Most commonly spreads via airborne or bacteria
• ‘Contagious’ or ‘Infectious’ used to describe communicable
diseases
• Airborne – direct contact not needed
• Animal – come in contact with infected animal/insect
• Food/Water – drinking water or eating food
contaminated
• Healthcare – medical waste/equipment
• Respiratory/bodily fluid – when come in contact with
saliva, blood, ejaculate, mucus
• Not all pathogens can live for long without a
Host
• What is a host?
• If I cough without covering but no one is around,
will a person who walks in the room an hour
later become infected?
Who is most susceptible?
•Older People
•Babies
•Pregnant Women
•People with a weakened immune system
 Viruses-
pieces of genetic material surrounded by a protein coat.
Need living cells to reproduce, survive, and thrive
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Cold
Flu
Pneumonia
Polio
Measles
AIDS
Chicken pox
EBOLA!
• Bacteria- many bacteria’s are essential for life, but some produce
toxins and kill cells. What the immune system does not destroy
antibiotics can.
food borne illnesses
• Strep throat
• Pink eye
• Bacterial pneumonia
• gonorrhea
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• Protozoan's- more complex organisms than bacteria, such as
pathogenic parasites, most are completely harmless but some can
affect people with weakened immune system.
• Malaria
What is it?
• Inflammation of the liver
• Acute - lasts less than 6 months
• Chronic - persists longer
Transmission
• Sexually transmitted
• Shared needles (blood)
• Mother to unborn child
• Poor sanitation
What is it?
• Human immunodeficiency virus, or HIV, is the virus that causes
acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS).
• The virus weakens a person's ability to fight infections and cancer.
• Having HIV does not always mean that you have AIDS.
Magic Johnson-Former NBA player
Symptoms
Transmission
• Headache
-Sharing needles
• Diarrhea, vomiting
-unprotected sex
• Fatigue
• Aching muscles
What is it?
• People often use the term "flu" to describe any kind of mild illness,
such as a cold or a stomach virus, that has symptoms like the flu. But
the real flu is different.
• Flu symptoms are usually worse than a cold and last longer. The flu
usually does not cause vomiting or diarrhea in adults.
Transmission
• Coughing/ sneezing without covering mouth
• Contact with those that are sick
• Unsanitary conditions
What is it?
• Conjunctivitis, infection and swelling of membrane lining
the eyelids
• Causes red blood cells to be more visible, changing
appearance of the eye
Symptoms
Transmission
-Pink/red appearance
-Touching eyes
-Crusting of eyelids/lashes
-Blocked tear duct
-Itching/burning eyes
-Gritty feeling
What is it?
• Serious disease caused by parasite in mosquitos
• You can get it from a bite by an infected mosquito.
• Malaria is rare in the United States. Common in Africa, Southern Asia,
Central America, and South America.
Symptoms
Symptoms like the flu, such as a high fever, chills, and muscle pain
Can be more serious – damage to liver, heart, etc
• A bite from a parasite-infected mosquito causes malaria.
• The mosquito becomes infected by biting an infected person and
drawing blood that contains the parasite.
• When that mosquito bites another person, that person becomes
infected.
• Washing hands- most effective strategy for preventing the
spread of disease. Before you eat, put in contacts or makeup, after the restroom, handle animals, etc.
• Avoid sharing make-up, combs, and brushes, food, drinks,
chapstick
• Avoid unprotected sexual intercourse
• Avoid unnecessary contact with people who are sick
• Protect others, cover your mouth!
Coughing and Sneezing
•Cover your mouth and nose with a tissue
when coughing or sneezing. Put your used
tissue in the waste basket. Then, clean your
hands, and do so every time you cough
Depends on the disease!
Bacterial – most commonly have medication (antiBACTERIAL, antibiotic)
Viral – no true medication
Hand Washing
• How do you wash
• When
• Why
• What
• What are communicable diseases?
• How are they spread (transmitted?)
• What are the three main types of communicable
diseases?
• Examples?
• Can you prevent?
• Can you treat?
Ebola?