Transcript Communicable Diseases and Prevention

Coach Utt
Health
Definition and Causes
• Communicable Disease- A disease that is spread from
one living thing to another or through the
environment
• Caused by an organism called a pathogen (bacteria,
viruses, fungi, and protozoans)
• Infections- are conditions that occur when pathogens
enter the body, multiply, and damage body cells.
Types of Pathogens
• Viruses-pieces of genetic
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material surrounded by a
protein coat
Flu
Hepatitis
Polio
Mononucleosis
Chicken Pox
AIDS
Herpes
• Bacteria- single celled
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microorganisms
Gonorrhea
Tuberculosis
Pinkeye
Pneumonia (viral &
bacterial)
Meningitis (viral &
bacterial)
Virus vs Bacteria
Virus
Bacteria
 Need living cells to reproduce
 Most are harmless
 Antibiotics don’t work
 Can be killed by antibotics
against them
 Body’s immune system kills
the virus
Left upper extremity shows
necrotizing fascitis in an
individual who used illicit drugs.
Cultures grew Streptococcus
milleri and anaerobes (Prevotella
species). Patient would grease, or
lick, the needle before injection.
and the body’s immune
system
How are they transmitted?
 Direct Contact- Touching, Biting, Kissing, Sexual
Contact, Sneezing, & Coughing
 Indirect Contact- Contaminated objects, Vector
(mosquito & ticks), Water and Food contamination
Prevention
 Wash Your Hands!!!! (with antibacterial soap:) After
using bathroom, preparing food, before eating
 Handling Food Properly- Clean surface area, separate
raw meats, cook food to proper temperature & store
food properly!
Common Communicable Diseases
Influenza (FLU)
Pneumonia
 Mainly spread through
 Infection of the lungs in
airborne transmission
 High fever, fatigue, headache
which the air sacs fill with
pus and fluid
 Top 10 causes of death is U.S.
Continued
Hepatitis (A, B, & C)
 Inflammation of the liver
 Caused by chemicals, drug &
alcohol use (sharing needles)
, pathogens
 No Cure!
 Only vaccinations for A & B
 # 1 reason for Liver
transplants in the U.S.
Emerging Infection
 A communicable disease
whose incidence in
humans has increased
within the past two
decades or threatens to
increase in the near
future
 Example: Staph (MRSA)
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus
aureus (MRSA) infection is caused
by a strain of staph bacteria that's
become resistant to the antibiotics
commonly used to treat ordinary
staph infections.