Transcript Diseases
Diseases • Infectious diseases=organisms that enter, live in and multiply within the body • Pathogens=organisms that cause disease *If they enter your body and multiply they create an infection and you develop a disease Pathogens • Bacteria=simple, single celled organisms that live almost anywhere (air, surfaces, food) Under a microscope, they look like balls or rods. They are so small that a line of 1,000 could fit across a pencil eraser. Most bacteria won't hurt you less than 1 percent makes people sick. Many are helpful. Some bacteria help to digest food and destroy diseasecausing cells. Bacteria are also used in making healthy foods like yogurt and cheese. Bacterial diseases=Strep Throat, Food poisoning, and meningitis Viruses • The smallest pathogens, can multiply only by entering a living cell and taking over the cells reproductive mechanisms, resulting in cell death. Viral diseases have no cure so the body must fight off the infection Viral infections=common cold, HIV, AIDS Protozoan • Single-celled organisms that have the ability to move through fluids in search of food. Protozoan diseases=Toxoplasmosis, malaria, amoebic dysentery Fungi • Simple organisms related to molds that live in dark warm moist areas. Fungal Infections=athletes foot, ringworm yeast infection Cured with antifungal creams or sprays Body Defenses Against Diseases Your body protects itself from infection in 3 ways. • Physical & Chemical defenses • Inflammation • Immune System Physical & Chemical Defenses • Skin=1st line of defense • Sweat=contains acids that kill bacteria • Mouth, eyes, nose=contains mucous membranes • Cilia=tiny hair like structures that line air passages • Stomach acids=acid kills bacteria • Digestive Tract=flushes away bacteria • Urine=kills pathogens with acid Inflammation Body’s response to all cuts and internal damage Phagocytes=W.B.C. eat up foreign cells and kill unwanted pathogens, gives off a clear liquid or pus Immune system Most sophisticated line of defense Can seek out and destroy pathogens “B” Cells Generals “T” Cells Soldiers Spread of Infectious Disease • Direct Contact=touching, hugging, kissing, sex • Indirect Contact=sneezing, coughing, contact with infected person’s blood • Contact w/objects=doorknobs, eating & drinking utensils contaminated food & drink • Contact w/animals=bites, tick, mosquito, animal • Contact w/Enviro. Sources=tetanus, salmonella botulism Infectious Diseases Common Cold • • • • • No Cure, spread by touching contaminated objects coughing and sneezing Lasts 3-7 days VIRUS Influenza • • • • • • No Cure, Spreads like the common cold Airborne droplets and contaminated objects Fever, sore throat, body aches, cough Vaccine available Every Year VIRUS Pneumonia • Infection of the lungs • Chronic Coughing • VIRUS, BACTERIA, FUNGI Rubella • • • • • Known as Germen Measles Fever, rash, coughing, sneezing, sore throat, swollen glands Vaccine VIRUS Hepatitis • Inflammation of the Liver • Fever, nausea, pain in abdomen, • jaundice, brown urine, • Symptoms appear 3-6 weeks after exposure Hep. A=contaminated food & water Hep. B=contaminated blood & body fluids VACCINE is available Hep. C=contaminated blood & body fluids Most Dangerous Tuberculosis • Highly contagious infection that infects the lungs. • • • • Transmitted by coughing or sneezing. Fatigue, weight loss fever, chronic cough. Treatment=medications up to a year BACTERIA Mononucleosis • Infection causes swollen lymph nodes, tonsils, and spleen. • Sever sore throat, extreme fatigue • 3-6 weeks for symptoms to come to an end. • Spread through saliva • VIRUS