Transcript BIOSECURITY FOR CONTROL OF BIRD FLU AND FUTURE …

BIOSECURITY FOR
CONTROL OF BIRD FLU
AND FUTURE STRATEGY
WITH REFERENCE TO
INTERNATIONAL
SCENERIO
BYDr. A.T.Venugopalan
RECENT DEVELOPMENTS
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H1:15
N1: 09
H1:16
N1:10
ENDEMIC IN 16 COUNTRIES
SOUTH-EAST ASIA: 11 COUNTRIES
140 MILLION POULTRY CULLED
PERSISTENT RESERVOIR
HUMAN 228 CASES – 130 FATAL
LARGEST CLUSTER OF HUMAN INFECTION IN
INDONESIA
AI INFECTED COUNTRIES – 57
PROPHYLACTIC VACCINATION
AGAINST AI
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USED IN FRANCE AND
NETHERLANDS
FOR SPECIFIC BIRDS IN
SPECIALIZED REGIONS
VIGOROUS SURVEILLANCE AND
CONTROL MEASURES
14/25 EU COUNTRIES REPORTED AI
H5N1 IN MAMMAL: CAT & MARTEN
IMPACT OF AI – FAO/OIE/WHO
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ENDEMIC IN 16 COUNTRIES
POTENTIAL FOR A PANDEMIC HUAN
INFLUENZA
WORLD BANK ESTIMATES LOSS OF
2% GDP OF WORLD
RECOMMENDATIONS
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS AND
SURVEILANCE FOR INTERNATIONAL COORDINATION
NATIONAL/REGIONAL/INTERNATIONAL COORDINATION
SURVEILLANCE
VACCINATION
POST VACCINATION SURVEILLANCE
BIOSECURITY
RESEARCH PRIORITIES
HUMAN INFLUENZA
2003
2004
2005
2006 to
06/06/2006
TOTAL
CASES
3
46
95
DEATH
3
32
41
81
52
225
128
OIE
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NAI
HPNAI
LPNAI
Notifiable poultry diseases
Freedom from NAI
Freedom from HPNAI
TAHC OF 2006
International Veterinary Certificates
Disease free Country / Zone / Compartments
DIRECTIVE 2005/94/EC
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Scientific Committee on Animal
Health and Animal Welfares
EFSA
TAHC – OIE
MDTV – OIE
ECDC
CONTROL OF LPAI
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Control measures of LPAI ; differ from
HPAI
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R 853/2004 – Specific Hygienic Rules for
foods of animal origin
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R 852/2004 – Hygiene of Food Stuffs
SUSPECTED OUT BREAKS
 POULTRY
STATISTICS
 NO POULTRY OR OTHER CAPTIVE BIRDS
MAY ENTER OR LEAVE THE HOLDINGS
 NO EGGS LEAVE THE HOLDINGS
 MOVEMENT RESTRICTION
 PROTECTION ZONE : 3 KM
 SURVEILLANCE ZONE : 10 KM
EU
RESTRICTION ON MOVEMENT OF —
 VEHICLES
 PERSONS
FOR FEED SUPPLY, EGG
COLLECTION
 TRANSPORT TO SLAUGHTER HOUSE
 VETERINARIANS OR PERSONS SUPPLYING
FARM EQUIPMENTS
EU
LPAI CONFIRMED
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CONTROL MEASURES SIMILAR TO HPAI
DEPOPULATION:
KILLED
SLAUGHTER
RESTRICTION ZONE : 1 KM
DIAGNOSIS OF AVIAN
INFLUENZA
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DIAGNOSIS MANUAL OF OIE
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MINIMUM BIOSECURITY REQUIREMENTS & QUALITY STANDARD
TO BE OBSERVED BY APPROVED LABS CARRYING OUT TESTS
FOR DIAGNOSIS OF AI
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DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS : HPAI / LPAI
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DIVA
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AI VIRUSES, GENOMES, ANTIGENS,VACCINES FOR
RESEARCHES, DIAGNOSIS OR MANUFACTURE OF VACCINES
SHALL BE MANIPULATED OR USED ONLY IN PLACES OR
ESTABLISHMENTS OR LABS APPROVED BY COMPETENT
AUTHORITIES.
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REFERENCE LABORATORIES
NATIONAL LABORATORIES
FIELD LABORATORIES
EU VACCINATIONS
EMERGENCY VACCINATION
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An Outbreak Within the Member States
An Outbreak in a Nearby Member State
AI Confirmed in Poultry or Other Captive
Birds in a Nearby Third Country
DIVA Vaccine
EU VACCINATIONS
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PREVENTIVE VACCINATION IN POULTRY OR
OTHER CAPTIVE BIRDS
Long term measures
Risk assessment
Types of husbandry
DIVA vaccine
Record of vaccinated animals
Serology of vaccinated stock
Surveillance on vaccination area
Approval of Preventive Vaccination Plan
EU BIOSECURITY
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Approval of the Disinfectants
A thorough soaking of bedding and litters as
well as fecal matter with disinfection
Dismantling of equipments and installations
Cleaning by brushing and scrubbing
Final disinfection
EU BIOSECURITY
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CONTAMINATED BEDDING, MANURES,
SLURRY
Steam treatment at 70°C
Burning
Deep burial
Stacked to heat sprayed with disinfectants for
at least 42 days
MASS VACCINATION AGAINST
POULTRY
ECDC WARNING
 Surveillance for human cases may becoming
harder
 Silent circulation of H5N1 in poultry
 Indonesian episodes
Monitoring in the Vaccination zone
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20 serum samples per flock
HI titer greater than 1:16 in more than 70% tested
samples to prove that vaccination is effective.
30 to 60 clearly identified unvaccinated sentinel birds
must be placed in each house.
10 to 20 serum samples collected from sentinels
must be tested every 30 – 45 days (ELISA/HI).
If the sentinels seroconvert the flock is considered
avian influenza positive and must be culled.
H9N2
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H9N2 is a potential pathogen
H9N2 has got genetic relationship with H5N1
Since 1990 always H9N2 is followed by H5 or
H7
H9 alone in SPF chicks – 0% mortality; but
along with E.Coli or coliforms- 80% mortality
Under field conditions H9 is a potential
pathogen:
PAKISTAN – 80%
IRAN
-- 60%
Vaccination Against AI –
FACTS
DISADVANTAGES
ADVANTAGES
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Vacc. Reduces risk of
infections
Higher amount of viruses
needed for infecting
vaccinated animals
Vacc. Flock is less likely to
have AI
If outbreaks occurs in vacc.
flocka) Slower spread
b) Reduced mortality
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Vacc. Doesn’t provide 100%
protection
Vaccinated flock still become
infected if there is field exposure
with high levels
Mask the outbreak of disease
Risk of spreading
Vaccination without surveillance
may lead to endemic infection of
LPAI
Strict surveillance is absolutely
essential
Strict surveillance in large scale expensive
TRADE IMPLICATIONS
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Fresh meat, meat products and table eggs
from vaccinated poultry can be traded.
Once accompanied by a veterinary certificate
verifying that they have come from healthy
virus free poultry.
The same stipulations applies to third
countries who are seeking trade with EU
CONTROL STRATEGIES FOR
HPAI (H5N1) IN ASIA
INCIDENT ACTION PLAN
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Preventing contact b/w susceptible animals and HPAI
agents is accomplished by the following actions:
quarantine and movement controls, biosecurity
measures and epidemiological investigations with risk
assessments, tracing and surveillance.
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Stopping the production of the agent by the infected
animals.
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Increasing the disease resistance of susceptible
animals. This is accomplished by strategic vaccination.
LIVESTOCK LAWS OF
MONGOLIA
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Under existing laws owners of animals are
required to report infectious diseases
including AI, to veterinarians.
Veterinary authorities are empowered to
take appropriate action against infected
farms and pay compensation for livestock
that are destroyed.
The main livestock law is supported by a
number of regulations.
DIAGNOSIS IN MONGOLIA
 A small nos. of antigen detection kits for
use in the event of a suspected outbreak
of disease.
 Reagents for immunofluroscence on
impression smears from dead birds.
 Reagents for performing HI tests.
 Reference antiserum for H5, H7, and H9
viruses to allow partial identification of AI
viruses.
IDENTIFIED BIOSAFETY
LABORATORIES
 NATIONAL REFERENCE CENTER
1. National Institute of Virology, Pune
 REGIONAL REFERENCE CENTERS
1. National Institute of Communicable
Diseases, Delhi
2. King Institute of Preventive Medicine,
Chennai
3. Virology Section, AIIMS, New Delhi
4. NICED (Virus Unit), Kolkata
TESTING OF LOCAL POULTRY
FARMS IN MONGOLIA
 Local poultry farms will be tested for AI
antibody
 A total samples of 14 will be collected
from each poultry farm. Samples will be
tested initially by gel diffusion. Any
positive samples will be tested by HI
using H5, H7 and H9 antigens.
TESTING OF WILD BIRDS
MONGOLIA
 RT-PCR for influenza virus will be
conducted on all samples.
LIVESTOCK LAWS
: MONGOLIA
 Under existing laws owners of animals
are required to report infectious diseases
to veterinarians.
 Veterinary authorities are empowered to
take appropriate action action against
infected farms.
 The main livestock law is supported by a
number of regulations.
AVIAN INFLUENZA SURVEILLANCE
► No
country can declare itself free from avian
influenza in wild birds
► Surveillance for NAI should be in the inform of
continuing programme designed if established that
the country, zone or compartments for which
application is made is free from NAIV infection.
► A surveillance system in accordance with appendix
3.8.1 should be under the responsibility of the
veterinary administration in particular.
AVIAN INFLUENZA SURVEILLANCE
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NAI surveillance programme should:
Early Warning
Approved laboratory
Serological/ Virological monitoring
Active / Passive surveillance
NAI FREE ESTABLISHMENT
WITH IN HPAI FREE
COMPARTMENTS
3.X.X.6
 Absence of NAIV INFECTIONS
 Random testing of virus
detection/isolations and serology interval –
21 days
 Lab results 3.X.X.7
 Official test – HI test is reliable
 AGID – NP/H antibodies in chicken
ARTICLE 2.7.12.12
When importing from a HPNAI free country, zone
or compartment veterinary administrations
should require:
Eggs for human consumption
 Come from a country, zone or compartment
free from HPAI.
 Come from establishments in which there has
been no evidence of NAI in the past 21 days.
 Have had their surfaces sanitized (in
accordance with Article 3.4.1.7) and are
transported in new packing material.
LABORATORY NETWORKS
APPROVED LABS FOR AI WORKS
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STATE VETERINARY COLLGES
REGIONAL DISEASE DIAGNOSTIC LABS (RDDLS) OF THE
DEPARTMENT OF ANIMAL HUSBANDRY AND DAIRYING
HSADL, BHOPAL
IVRI, IZZATNAGAR
IVRI, BANGALORE
IVRI, KOLKATA
IVRI, MUKTESWAR
ALL TOGETHER MORE THAN 40 LABS
RANBAXY, INDIA – 14.02.06 – 350 CENTERS – RESULT IN 24 Hrs.
File No: 5091/2003. LDT (Aq) 27.5.05; Notification of AHD: 3.2.04;
Press Release: 3.2.04
IN OTHER COUNTRIES
 USA
> 40 LABORATORIES
 Pakistan
 Canada
> 12 LABORATORIES
> 7 LABORATORIES
DOMESTIC BIRD SURVEILLANCE
POULTRY
CANADA:12 birds from about 60 farms in each
sector
USDA: 60 birds/month at each establishment
Breeder flocks: tested through out life
Sentinel birds: DAHD 3%
Namakkal:3 crores
Sentinel: 9 lakhs
Bhopal Lab: 1,00,000 per year
Namakkal Alone: 9 years for one set of samples
CREATION OF DISEASE FREE
COMPARTMENT /
ESTABLISHMENT
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Draft is prepared by State Government as per
updated international guidelines.
OIE
FAO
WHO
WTO
SPS
TAMILNADU
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Tamilnadu is largest exporter of: Table eggs
and Egg products.
Without export the price stability can not be
maintained. The industry is day by day
detoriating due to financial crisis. As on date
a farmer of Namakkal ( 1 lakh layer
population is incurring loss of Rs. Of
15,000/-to Rs. 20,000/- per day). 80% of
egg exported from India originates from
Tamilnadu.
TAMILNADU
2. For creation of Disease free compartment/Disease free
establishment
One or two compartment
Total establishment – 50 units
Egg products – 15
Export of egg – 35
3. Approved Labs :
TANUVAS – 3 ( as per WHO/OIE/FAO guidelines)
AHD 17 – as per FAO guide lines.
4. No additional expenditure:
Already man power/equipments buildings available.
BIOSECURITY
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FARM ENTRANCE
SHED
WATER
FEED
ENVIRONMENT
MORTALITY
PRODUCTION
EVALUATION OF BIOSECURITY
CHEMO-STERILANT
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ETHYLENE OXIDE
CHLORINE DI OXIDE
HYDROGEN PER OXIDE
PAR ACETIC ACID
GLUTERALDEHYDE
FORMALDEHYDE
USE OF CHEMO
STERILANT
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WATER: HP
FEED: FORMALIN
ENVIRONMENT: Clo2
Laboratory Evaluation
ALTERNATIVE MEDICINES
FOR POULTRY
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GARLIC
COLLOIDAL SILVER
OIL OF OREGANO
ECHINACEA
GRAPE SEED EXTRACT
ANTIOXIDANTS