Transcript 11 B Honolulu

Surveillance and Response - Highly
Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI)
Indian scenario
POULTRY AT A GLANCE
• Poultry population:
485 million (one time count)
• Duck population:
31 million
• Total egg production:
51 billion per annum
• Total broiler production:
1200 million (meat 1.65 mil MT)
• Pattern of rearing:
Both Backyard & Organized
• Marketing:
Mostly open market (10% processed)
• Migratory birds:
Mostly during winters
• Value of output
220 mil US$ (meat & egg only)
Past outbreaks in India
• Country free from HPAI till 17th February, 2006.
• First incidence in Feb-March, 2006 in Maharashtra,
which spilled over to adjacent districts of Gujarat
and Madhya Pradesh.
• Second episode in a solitary backyard farm in Imphal
district of Manipur in July 2007.
• Third episode in West Bengal (Phase-I) [15 districts]
and Tripura [2 districts] from January to May, 2008.
• Fourth incidence in Assam [9 districts], West Bengal
(Phase-II) [5 districts] & Sikkim (1 district) from
November, 2008 to May, 2009.
Present outbreak in West Bengal
• Outbreak in West Bengal notified on 14th
January, 2010 in two villages in Khargram
block of Murshidabad District.
• Detected in eight more villages in same block
• Also notified in 3 villages in adjacent block in
same district.
• Likely poultry population to be culled: About
0.3 million.
• Last outbreak notified on 30th January, 2010
Outbreaks
localized
in very small
areas of
Eastern, NE&
Western
India
2008-09
2007
2008
2008 -2010)
2006
Strategic control operations
in India (1/3)
• Immediate notification
surveillance zone.
of
the
infected
and
• Deployment of Central Teams for assistance and
supervision of culling, mopping, disinfection and
sterilization of the infected zone.
• Intensive human health surveillance in the area of
operation.
• Deployment of RRTs for culling (maximum 950 on
some critical days).
Strategic control operations
in India (2/3)
• Ban on movement of poultry & poultry products
from and into the infected/notified sites.
• Ensure supply of PPE kits, N-95 masks and antivirals to the outbreak spots.
• Culling of all poultry within 3 kms of the foci of
infection.
• Release of funds for immediate compensation.
Strategic control operations
in India (3/3)
• Strengthening of border posts for stopping illegal
movement of poultry or products
• A joint IEC campaign by the Animal Husbandry & Health
Ministries in print and electronic media.
• Creation of a 5 KM depopulated zone of poultry in the
States bordering West Bengal to check spread of
infection.
• Constant surveillance in West Bengal and adjoining
states for poultry mortality.
Existing system of Animal
Disease Reporting
Department of Animal Husbandry, Dairying & Fisheries, New Delhi
State Veterinary Services
(Director)
District Veterinary Services
(DVO/ DAHO)
Block Veterinary Services
(BLDO/ BAHO)
Veterinary Hospital
(Veterinary Officer)
Village Level
(Farmer/ Village Representative/ Veterinary Field Assistants
Surveillance for Animal Diseases
• A Central Act `The Prevention and Control of Infectious &
Contagious Diseases in Animals Act 2009’ enacted in India.
• All the notifiable diseases have been included in the reporting
system
• 109 diseases (85 animal & 24 Fish)
• National Animal Disease Reporting System being strengthened.
• The Veterinary Dispensaries / Hospitals (i.e. the primary disease
reporting units) are obligatory to report the Disease.
• The villages to be allotted code numbers by concerned State
Monitoring Unit.
• The online system to have links to the information on different
livestock/ poultry diseases.
Surveillance: Chain of
communication
• National surveillance plan for Avian Influenza is
based on State Surveillance Plans.
• State surveillance plans are prepared based on
common vulnerable criteria e.g. sharing of common
international border with HPAI infected countries,
presence of water bodies frequented by migratory
birds, flyways of migratory birds, poultry population
and its concentration etc.
Diagnosis / Surveillance
Programme under implementation
• National Strategy is to contain it at its origin in animal.
• Sustained, active, focused surveillance.
• Poultry, migratory birds etc. covered.
• In the event of unusual mortality samples tested at
equipped laboratory.
• Active surveillance undertaken by collecting samples
(tissue, swab and serum) randomly from all parts of the
country.
• Since November, 2005, more than 0.6 million samples
collected & tested for AI.
Surveillance for AI in Poultry in
India
•
•
•
•
Surveillance for poultry began in 2001
Intensified since 2004
It is rigorous since the first episode of bird-flu in 2006
Sampling done from:
– Domestic poultry including ducks
– Migratory and wild birds
– Imported Grand-Parent Stock (under quarantine)
– Any livestock produce containing poultry origin products
• Nature of samples
– Morbid tissues
– Clinical swabs (tracheal or cloacal)
– Faecal sample
– Blood serum
Network of AI Surveillance
laboratories
Regional Disease
Diagnostic
Laboratory
High Security Animal
Disease Laboratory
OIE Ref. Lab for HPAI
National Institute of
Virology
Overall control and response
strategies
• Control and containment of Avian Influenza includes
culling of birds & mopping-up, clean-up, disinfection and
sanitization operations.
• After an outbreak surveillance is stepped up immediately
throughout the country.
• In addition, surveillance becomes more vigorous in 0-10
km areas from the infected site.
• Post-operation surveillance plan issued in consultation
with the State Government for implementation after
control operations.
• The Action Plan of Animal Husbandry is revised in
November, 2006 based on past experiences.
• Being further revised.
Constraints in disease control
•
Affected poultry reared in backyard,
having less bio-security.
•
Poultry a
income.
•
Lack of awareness.
•
High poultry concentration.
•
High duck population.
source
of
supplementary
Resource availability for handling
bird-flu related emergencies
• Two national reference laboratories for confirmation of
avian influenza, one for poultry and other animals
(HSADL, Bhopal) and the other for human (NIV, Pune).
• Five regional diagnostic laboratories for preliminary
screening of samples.
• BSL –II, III and BSL – IV Facilities
• Financial resources are shared equally between the
Centre and the State Government for bird-flu operations.
No external funding sought.
• 80% of veterinary work-force trained in handling bird-flu
related emergencies. More being conducted.
Constant Vulnerability to Avian
Influenza (1/2)
• Continuance of HPAI in many countries in the world
• Porous international border with frequent movement
across the border.
• Improper disposal of infected or dead poultry.
• Vulnerability at scale of operation: Better biosecurity
at high scale of poultry production system with least
in the backyard poultry.
Constant Vulnerability to Avian
Influenza (2/2)
• Natural routes of migratory birds for winter roosting
• Mixed farming system (chicken & ducks) in backyard
poultry in the Eastern and North-Eastern states
• Thriving live poultry market with improper hygienic
conditions
• Inadequate awareness
stake-holders)
(producers,
consumers,
• Inadequate infra-structure in some states to handle
emergencies
Response of Govt. of India on H1N1
 India never reported H1N1 in pigs and poultry.
 However, GOI responded immediately to the OIE
guidelines and instructed the states to undertake
measures:
1.
Physical surveillance for swine influenza in pigs
has been heightened particularly in areas having
sizeable pig population
2.
In case of any report / suspicion / media reports,
sample has to be collected and dispatched to
HSADL, Bhopal for testing and confirmation
3.
Regular Reporting – No case of H1N1 in Pigs
THANK YOU