Transcript WHY study music? 1. Musician 2. Advertising 3

WHY study music?
1. Musician
2. Advertising
3. Presentations at work or party
4. Knowledge to impress co-workers
5.putting on a profession show
6. arts separate us as a species (for
enjoyments sake)
What is Music? Organized sound in time?
Performance was only media today blessed with
high quality recordings and playback mobile
devices plus unprecedented access to all kinds of
music.
What is Sound? Vibrations interpreted by Brain
into anything you hear
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FOUR MAIN properties of sound :
Pitch
Dynamics
Tone Color
Rhythm (time)
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PITCH: highness or lowness of defiant vibrations
(frequency of sound waves)= tones (440 cycles per
second)
distance between two tones is interval ( i.e. 440 to
460)
tones that are doubled or half are called octave (i.e
220 to 440 to 880)
In western music octave is divided into twelve tones
Non-western can have more.
Definite pitch (piano, guitar, trumpets, keyboards) Vs.
Indefinite (drums, percussive)
• DYNAMICS: degrees of loudness and softness
(amplitude)
• accent= play one or few notes differently than those
around it
• dynamic markings = pp(pianissimo) ,p (piano) ,mp
(mezzo piano),mf (mezzo forte),f (forte),ff (fortissimo)
• crescendo & decrescendo
• TONE COLOR: timbre = bright, dark, brilliant, mellow,
rich, ect…
• By combining instruments, using different ways to play
them and with today’s electronics almost and infinite
amount of tone colors available.
• Rhythm (time)
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How fast or slow (tempo) (BPM)
Number of beats in a measure
Feels (laidback, on top,ect..)
All instruments or vocalist play time
• Stravinsky = Listen for: Crescendo / Gradual
addition of instruments/ repetition of same
melody at different pitch / sudden dynamic
change / crescendo to ending
• Ellington = listen for : repeated note melody /
tone color changes as melody passes to
different instruments / brass using mutes / full
band at end
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Jazz •Individual voices - performers
•Collective expression - how performers interact musically
•Jazz has a history of performers more than composers
•Early on, all music that was not clearly classical was
considered jazz
• Classical music - each instrument has an “ideal” sound
• •Jazz - individuality of personal sounds (sometimes causes
listeners to question the sounds they hear)
• •Growls, bends, slurs, vibrato, or adding any device to assist
their personal interpretation
• •Instrumentalist imitate vocalist
• Jazz blend
• •Blend of African oral tradition and European musical
tradition
• •Urban and rural folk music
• •White & black church music practices
• •Marching bands, jug bands (jug plus homemade instruments
like tub bass, washboards, spoons)
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Understanding jazz
•Requires understanding the performer
Requires an understanding of the instrument they play
•Personal voices are more important that composers
understanding the context of the music piece/recording by
time period/ location/performers/ ect…
• IMPROVISATION & COMPOSITION
• Whole piece is not always composed unlike most classical & pop/rock
• Improvised solos make individuals composer, arranger & performer in
“real time”
• –Change melody
• –Play over chords
• –Create entire new musical performance
• Makes “recordings” & “live performances” individual works of art not just
representative pieces.
• SOME Examples of different Jazz Styles
• 1. Swing beat 2. Latin 3. Blues 4. Fusion
• **YOUTUBE examples
• HOW VOCALS RELATE TO PITCH/ DYNAMICS/ TONE COLOR/ RHYTHM
• pitch octaves (12 notes on piano)
• VOICES = Singing styles use all 4 or some of the properties of music plus
introduces
words and story telling.
• Pitch Range of vocal= pro singers can get up to 2 octaves (octave is
doubled same pitch freq 220hz 440hz 880hz ect.)
• larger vocal chords make larger sine wavs (lower pitch) four basic ranges:
SOPRANO, ALTO, TENOR, BASS
• Methods of singing or singing style differ with how singer uses the four
types of sound & lyrically content.
• Examples – Opera uses wide pitch range, tone color of singer, lots of
dynamics, and varying rhythms
• JAZZ = good pitch range but less than
Opera / dynamics Big/ rhythm varies but
less, goes with the groove/Tone color of
singer becomes more important
• Rock / Pop = usually uses less pitch range, tone color of singer, some
dynamics, less rhythmic variations
• Hip Hop / Rap = usually uses almost no pitch range , tone color of singer,
less dynamics, relies heavily on rhythm
• JAZZ VOCAL STYLES & TECHNIQUES
• Standards (Swing or Straight)
• Latin
• Fusion (close to Pop/Rock)
• SCAT
• **youtube examples
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Performance media
INSTRUMENTS = mechanism other than a voice that produces musical sounds. (single note
or multi)
• Traditional Sections or classifications
• 1.Brass 2. Woodwinds 3. String
• 4. Percussion 5.Keyboard 6. Electronic
• JAZZ Sections of instruments
• 1.Rhythm section
• 2. Brass section
• 3. Wind (Sax) section
• 4. Vocalist & soloist
Different class of types sometimes have
Soprano,
Alto
Tenor
Bass (Baritone or Contra)
subclasses determined by pitch
Advantages/ differences to voices
wider range, faster, more tone color options,
larger dynamic range, sometimes easier to
produce tones than singing, can be organized
into multiple different groups to produce
varying types of sound combinations.
SAXOPHONE SECTION
Part of the WOODWINDS
Flute family (flute, piccolo, recorder-NO reed)
Clarinet Family (clarinet, Saxophone –
single reed)
Oboe Family (oboe, English horn, -double reed)
Bassoon Family ( bassoon, contrabassoon –
double reed)
• WOODWINDS
• traditional made out of wood
• (however, Saxophone is more modern instrument that is
typical made of metal and coated w/ nickel, silver, or gold
• produce sound with air columns that have
holes that are covered or uncovered to change
length of air column.
• produces only one note at a time.
• SAXOPHONE RANGES
• Soprano Sax
• Alto Sax
• Tenor Sax
• Baritone Sax
• ContraBass Sax
• BRASS SECTION
• Four Main instruments are
• Trumpet (soprano)
• Trombone (Alto /Tenor)
• French Horn mainly orchestral (Alto/Tenor)
• Tuba (Bass)
• Blowing into cup of funnel shaped mouth piece ,
vibrations come from players lips not a reed.
• Tone is then colored in the flared end called the
BELL.
• Pitch is controlled by varying lip tension and by
values and slides to change the length of the tube
(sometimes hand on a French horn).
• Tone color can be altered by using a mute (made of
wood, plastic, or metal) on or in the bell
• Pitch & tone color can be altered by using other no
conventional tools such as a plunger, ect..
• Single note instruments
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THE RHYTHM SECTION
Drum-set
Percussion
Bass (Stringed)
The Guitar (Stringed)
Keyboards
• THE DRUMSET (Indefinite Pitch)
• Bass drum
• Snare
• Tom Toms
• Rack Toms
• Floor Toms
• Cymbals
• Rides & Crash
• Hi Hats
• Percussion
• Indefinite Pitch
• Tambourines
• Shakers
• Cowbells
• Definite Pitch
• Chimes
• Vibes
• BASS (definite pitch /low range)
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Electric
Fretless electric
Acoustic upright
Arco technique
• Guitar (Definite Pitch / Mid range)
• Acoustic
• Arch Top
• Electric
• String Playing techniques
• PIZZICATO
• DOUBLE STOP
• VIBRATO
• MUTE
• TREMOLO
• HARMONICS
• techniques can be used on almost all string
instruments
• Keyboard (Definite Pitch / Full Range)
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The Piano (88 Keys)
The Organ
Fender Rhodes
Analog Synthesizer
Digital Synthesizer
• ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENTS
• ANALOG TAPE STUDIO
• SYNTHESIZERS (KEYBOARDS)
• COMPUTERS
• ANALOG TAPE STUDIO
• recorded sound was manipulated by slowing
and speeding tape cutting or splicing tape
• length of looped tape could be timed to give
rhythmic feel
• COMPUTERS
• with use of MIDI (code that allows digital
instruments and computers to talk to one
another) computers can now not only record
music but be part of the creation process.
• with programs you can control sound ,
change sound, fix sound. (GOOD vs. BAD)
• I.E. fixing singers pitch, rhythm, same with
any instrument but can create sounds and
rhythms that are physically impossible to do
live.
• HOMEWORK ASSIGNMENT 1
• FINDING LOCAL STL MUSICIANS & Jazz
VENUES