Transcript Instruments - midworld productions

Performance media
INSTRUMENTS = mechanism other than a voice that
produces musical sounds. (single note or multi)
CLASSES OF INSTRUMENTS
1 WOODWIND
2 BRASS
3PERCUSSION
4 STRING
5 KEYBOARD
6 ELECTRONIC
Different class of types sometimes have
Soprano,
Alto
Tenor
Bass (Baritone or Contra)
subclasses determined by pitch
Advantages/ differences to voices
wider range, faster, more tone color options,
larger dynamic range, sometimes easier to
produce tones than singing, can be organized
into multiple different groups to produce
varying types of sound combinations.
• WOODWINDS
• traditional made out of wood
• produce sound with air columns that have
holes that are covered or uncovered to change
length of air column.
• produces only one note at a time.
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Flute family
(flute, piccolo, recorder-NO reed)
Clarinet Family
(clarinet & saxophone –single reed)
• Saxophones- Soprano, Alto, Tenor, Bari
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Oboe Family
(oboe, English horn -double reed)
Bassoon Family
(bassoon, contrabassoon – double reed)
• BRASS
• Four Main instruments are
• Trumpet
• Trombone
• French Horn
• Tuba
• blowing into cup of funnel shaped mouth piece ,
vibrations come from players lips not a reed.
• tone is then colored in the flared end called the
BELL.
• pitch is controlled by varying lip tension and by
values and slides to change the length of the tube
(sometimes hand on a French horn).
• tone color can be altered by using a mute (made
of wood, plastic, or metal) on or in the bell
• single note instruments
• PERCUSSION
• (definite pitch or indefinite pitch)
• Rhythm based instruments
• major importance time – as not many
whole notes or long notes can be played
• Play by striking plates or bars of metal,
wood, or skins
• Definite pitch
• PITCH high
• TONE COLOR medium
• DYNAMICS medium
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Timpani (kettledrums)
glockenspiel (similar to Xylophone)
Celeste
chimes
• Indefinite Pitch
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PITCH low
TONE COLOR high
DYNAMICS high
Snare Drum
Bass Drum
Cymbals
Tom Toms
Tambourine
Triangle
Gong
• DRUM SET
•
basic jazz/rock/pop/R&B set includes
• bass drum
• snare drum
• tom toms
• floor toms
• crash cymbals
• ride cymbals
• hi-hat cymbals
• STRINGS ( frets vs. fretless)
• orchestra strings :
• Violin (Soprano)
• Viola (Alto)
• Cello (Tenor)
• Double Bass (bass)
• bowed (horsehair) or Plucked with fingers
• MOST Expressive usually used to play lead
melodies / Violin family blends well
• Construction : strings made of gut or wire
under tension from tailpiece
• over bridge that transmits sound vibrations to
large body for amplifying sound
• fingerboard no frets shorten string to get
higher tension = higher pitch (STOPPING)
• String Playing techniques
• PIZZICATO
• DOUBLE STOP
• VIBRATO
• MUTE
• TREMOLO
• HARMONICS
• techniques can be used on almost all string
instruments
• Other Strings
• HARP (only orchestral string instrument
besides violin family)
• GUITAR played with fingers or pick (plectrum types electric bass/ classical/ acoustic/
electric guitar)
• Chapman Stick (combo of electric guitar and
bass – played by tapping)
• KEYBOARDS (acoustic)
• PIANO
• HARPSICHORD
• ORGAN
• ACCORDIONS
• KEYBOARDS
• PIANO = strings in an iron frame hit with
hammers (most widely used today) 1
keyboard 88 keys has large dynamic range
with use of pedals
• HARPSICHORD = has strings plucked by plectra
(type of picks) precursor to piano was
eventually replaced by piano. Has 1 or 2
keyboards no real dynamic range
• KEYBOARDS
• ORGAN = keys control air blown through
pipes./ Different pipe sets change tone color /
more pipes change dynamics / multiple
keyboards / still widely used today /
• ACCORDIONS = has steel reeds controlled by
piano keyboard and bass keyboard buttons.
Air flows by squeezing bellows.
• ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENTS
• ANALOG TAPE STUDIO
• SYNTHESIZERS (KEYBOARDS)
• COMPUTERS
• ANALOG TAPE STUDIO
• recorded sound was manipulated by slowing
and speeding tape cutting or splicing tape
• length of looped tape could be timed to give
rhythmic feel
• SYNTHESIZERS – Keyboard controlled
recreates sounds by
• ANALOG Synthesis (Combining analog sound
waves to create sound)
• DIGITAL Synthesis ( combines sound waves as
digital information)
• EFFECTS Devices ( reverb, echo, delay, ect…)
• SAMPLING (placing of records of live sounds
that can be manipulated)
• COMPUTERS
• with use of MIDI (code that allows digital
instruments and computers to talk to one
another) computers can now not only record
music but be part of the creation process.
• with programs you can control sound ,
change sound, fix sound. (GOOD vs. BAD)
• I.E. fixing singers pitch, rhythm, same with
any instrument but can create sounds and
rhythms that are physically impossible to do
live.
• HOMEWORK ASSIGNMENT 1
• FINDING LOCAL STL MUSICIANS & VENUES