Transcript 2 - Issaquah Connect

Weekly Learning Checks of Awesomeness
1-70
71-138
©2005-08 J.J. Burgard &
Associates, Inc. Rights Reserved
1
1-70
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
Back
2
71-138
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99 100
101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110
111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120
121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130
131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138
Back
3
What are the largest bodies of water on
earth called? Name all five.
Oceans-Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Arctic,
Southern
1
What is climate?
Climate is weather conditions in a place
over a long period of time.
2
What are the five themes of geography?
Location, place, region, movement, and
human-environment interaction.
3
There are two main tools that geographers
use to represent (or show) Earth. What
are they?
Globes and maps
4
If you’re an archeologist, and you’re trying
to learn about the past, you mostly search
for what two things?
fossils and artifacts
5
Why was the discovery of “Lucy” important
for archaeologists?
She’s one of the first almost complete
skeletons ever discovered.
6
Why would historians look for patterns
when they study the past?
They want to see why people did what
they did and whether it worked or not.
 They wanted to see whether people
repeated the same mistakes again and
again.
 Need both to get this right!

7
What is a secondary source?
Any retelling of an event (books, paintings,
and media reports) created by someone
who was NOT present at an event.
8
The study of earth and its people is
called…?
Geography
9
12
The earth is divided into seven large
landmasses called? Name them
Continents-Africa, Antarctica, Asia,
Australia, Europe, North America, and
South America
10
Name three ways climate affects people:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
What people wear
What people do for a job
What people eat
Building materials they use
How people get food
Other answers acceptable with teacher
ok.
11
Which two of the five geography themes
deals with how places are similar or
different?
Place and region
12
Explain Human-Environment Interaction
(it’s one of the 5 Themes of Geography)
It’s how people use and change the
environment around them. Can be
positive or negative.
13
When writing longitude, what cardinal
directions follow the coordinates?
(example: 102°____)
east and west
14
When writing latitude, what cardinal
directions follow the coordinates?
(example: 56°____)
north and south
15
What is the 0 degree latitude line called?
Equator
16
What is the 0 degree longitude line called?
Prime Meridian
17
What do political maps show?
cities, states, provinces, territories and
countries, boundaries, borders between
regions, etc.
18
What do physical maps show?
A physical map shows landforms and
bodies of water.
19
What do thematic maps show?
Specific info like climate, distribution of
natural resources (how many cows live in
a certain place. )
20
Louis and Mary Leakey’s discoveries
suggest human evolution started in what
continent?
Africa
21
Define “oral history.”
customs told (spoken orally) and passed
down from generation to generation
22
What kind of source is a letter written by
someone who witnessed an event?
Primary Source
23
Modern maps are made with the help of…?
Satellites/GPS
24
Which two of the five themes of geography
might help you understand the differences
between two cultures?
Place and region
25
Why did hunter-gatherers often move
around to survive?
They had to follow animals and seasonal
plants.
26
If you lived in a nomadic society, what do
you do a lot of?
move
27
What does migration mean?
Moving to new and distant lands
28
Give an example of early human
domestication.




growing and tending crops.
raising sheep for food and wool.
training animals for plowing.
Other answers are acceptable with
teacher ok.
29
How did domestication change way of life for
early humans? Name two ways.






Didn’t have to hunt as much
Didn’t have to leave village
Animals became reliable source of meat and
milk
Animals skins used for shelter and clothing
Planting allowed humans and animals to eat
more easily
Other answers are acceptable with teacher
ok.
30
What was the “Agricultural Revolution”?
The shift from having to gather food to
instead, raising it yourself
31
What were two problems with the “slashand-burn agriculture” method?
Led to poor soil over time which means
you couldn’t replant your crops.
 As a result, people had to keep moving to
find new places to plant

32
Irrigation systems are used to…
water crops
33
What are two ways planting and harvesting
seeds led to the development of villages?
People didn’t have to hunt for food
• They could stay at home and build more
permanent settlements
• Groups were able to better protect
themselves because they weren’t
scattered about
• Need at least two to get this right
•
34
What does it mean when you have a
“surplus” of something?
You have more than you need or can use
35
What does “specialization” mean?
Being skilled at one thing (e.g. pottery or
farming)
36
What is a “social class”?
A group of people that share similar
customs, background, training, or income.
37
What climate difficulties did Mesopotamian
farmers face? Name two.

The region had a semiarid climate that received
less than 10 inches of rain a year. Drought was a
constant danger.

The flooding of the Tigris and Euphrates was
unpredictable, making it difficult to predict when
to plant crops.
38
What is an “artisan”?
Someone that is skilled at crafts (pottery,
weaving, etc.)
39
Name three reasons people formed
governments?
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
To run the people
To create laws
To settle arguments
To make big decisions
To create order
To provide leadership
Laws made communities safer
40
What name was given to the land that lies
between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers?
Mesopotamia
41
Most historians think the first civilization
rose about 3300 B.C. in southern
Mesopotamia. What was the name of this
civilization?
Sumer
42
How did Mesopotamian farmers overcome
the challenges of unpredictable floods and
a semi arid climate?
Farmers created and maintained an
extensive irrigation system of canals and
dams to control the rivers' water.
43
An advanced form of culture is called….?
Civilization
44
List 3 traits that characterize advanced
civilization?





Advanced cities
Specialized Workers
Complex Institutions
Record Keeping
Advanced Technology
45
Why did ancient Mesopotamians use mud
as a primary building material?
The region had few natural resources such
as timber or stone.
It keeps things cool inside.
46
Why did ancient Mesopotamians use mud
as a primary building material?
The region had few natural resources such
as timber or stone.
47
A community that includes a city and its
nearby farmlands is called what? It’s also
a basic Greek form of government.
City-State
48
What are two examples of Sumerians'
"Advanced" Technology?






Wheel
Plow
Bronze tools
Arithmetic system based on the number
60
Cuneiform writing
Irrigation
49
What was the main purpose of a ziggurat?
Religious services
 City hall
 People paid priests for their services at
the ziggurat

50
How did rivers influence the growth of
civilization in Mesopotamia?





The flooding rivers left silt, which made the soil
fertile for crops to grow.
Irrigation canals were dug to bring water to the
fields.
They helped create crop surpluses that helped
civilizations grow.
The rivers provided easier transportation so they
could trade.
Need at least two to get this right
51
What is Hammurabi’s code?
Laws the people of the Babylonian Empire
had to follow.
A code of justice for all men, women and
children.
52
What is the nickname of the region of land,
rich with fertile soil and water, that curves
between the Persian Gulf and the
Mediterranean Sea?
The Fertile Crescent
53
What group of people were the most cruel
in conquering and governing their
Mesopotamian empire?
The Assyrians
54
What ruler built the Hanging Gardens of
Babylon, one of the seven wonders of the
ancient world?
Nebuchadnezzar
55
Which ruler of Mesopotamia showed the
most concern about justice for the people
in his empire?
Hammurabi
56
Who created a code of law that said, “the
punishments should depend on the crimes
committed”?
Hammurabi
57
Assyrians conquered many peoples. Those
people had to pay the Assyrians “tribute”
money. Why?
When you paid tribute, the Assyrians would
protect you.
58
What are three ways that Darius expanded
and strengthened the Persian empire?

Divided the empire into 20 provinces.

Established governors called Satraps in each province.

Sent spies to watch his governors to ensure they followed
his orders.

Built a royal road connecting the eastern and western
parts of the empire.

Expanded the empire to India and parts of Egypt.

Established a system of law based on Hammurabi's code.
59
The Persian empire began in the area of
what modern day country?
Iran
60
The southern part of the Nile River churns
with….?
cataracts
61
Cyrus the Great established a policy of
toleration. What did this mean?
He allowed conquered people to keep
their own customs and beliefs.
 They could continue to worship their own
gods, speak their own languages and
practice their own way of life.

62
Name two things about the geography of
Egypt that helped isolate and protect it?

Harsh deserts to the East and West.

Swampy Coast on the Mediterranean in
the North lacked good harbors.

Cataracts (Waterfalls) in the South
blocked ships.
63
What is an important difference between
the Nile and the rivers of Mesopotamia?

Nile floods were very predictable.
64
The area near the mouth of the Nile is what
geographic feature?
A delta
65
Near its mouth, the Nile deposits fine soil
called:
silt
66
Egyptians wore clothing made of a fabric
called:
linen
67
Why did ancient historians call Egypt "the
gift of the Nile"?
It provided rich soil and nutrients for
growing crops
 Provide mud for houses
 Water to irrigate crops
 Need at least two to get this right

68
Which group of people specialized in
reading and writing in Mesopotamia?
Scribes
69
What is the world’s longest river?
The Nile
70
Astronomy helped ancient Egyptians
develop something we use today. What is
it?
A calendar
71
Egyptian scribes used a kind of writing
called what? What kind of paper did they
write on?
Hieroglyphics, Papyrus
72
What does polytheism mean?
Worshipping more than one god
73
How did Ramses II make Egypt more
stable?
He ruled for 66 years
 He made peace treaties with enemies
 Treated enemies well
 Need at least two to get this right

74
What are two things that characterize the
rule of Queen Hatshepsut‘s, Egypt’s first
woman Pharoah.

Expansion of trade, expedition to Punt

Creation of Obelisk monuments

Mysterious ending of her rule
75
Why did Egyptian rulers eventually stop
building pyramids?
Grave robbers would loot the tombs and
destroy their hopes for a happy afterlife
76
What was the process called where
Egyptians preserved the dead? (not
mummification)
embalming
77
A narrow strip of land between two bodies
of water is a(n)?
isthmus
78
Who were the first people to create a
civilization in Greece?
The Mycenaeans
79
How is Greece’s geography different than
Egypt and Mesopotamia?
70 to 80% of it is covered with mountains
 There are no large rivers
 Rocky land=only 20-30% of land good for
farming

80

Name two ways Greece's geography
influenced trade?
It was on the sea
It had harbors and seaports and trading
partners
 It had a long coastline (like a sea
highway)
 Ionian and Aegean Sea weren’t large and
could be easily sailed)


81
What are two characteristics of the Greek
gods that can be seen in their myths?

They were regularly involved in people's
lives.

They had both divine and human qualities
and could take human form.

They show human emotions such as love,
anger, and jealousy.
82
Who created “our” alphabet?
The Phoenicians
83
The Iliad is an example of what genre of
writing?
epic poem
84
What are two ways that religious beliefs
influenced Greek ways of life for the
common person?




They tried to honor the gods and prevent them
from anger
They built statues and temples to worship them
They held festivals that included public sacrifices
and ceremonies
Athletic competitions, such as the Olympics,
were always a part of religious festivals
85
In Greek, the word for city-state was…
polis
86
The upper class in Greece was called the…
aristocracy
87
A government ruled by just a few people is
a(n)…
oligarchy
88
Someone who took power in an illegal way
was a(n)
tyrant
89
In Greece, you must be a ______ to take
part in ruling a city-state?
Free male citizen
90
What is a monarchy?

The earliest form of Greek government
that is led by a king or queen with
supreme power
91
What is a democracy?
All citizens take part
 Decisions made by voting

92
What is the difference between an Athenian
style direct democracy and U.S. style
indirect democracy?
Direct-ALL citizens meet to decide on laws
Indirect-people ELECT representatives to
make the laws
93
Name two ways Greece was organized into
different political systems?
The rugged geography divided it into
small regions
 It was divided into city-states
 Each city-state had it’s own form of
government

94
A direct democracy was used by the
important Greek city-state of…
Athens
95
Athens' main rival was the city-state of…
Sparta
96
The Spartans conquered their neighbors
and forced them to become…
Helots (slaves)
97
What is a helot?
A slave in Sparta
98
Give two goals that Pericles had as a leader
of Athens.
strengthening democracy
 beautifying Athens
 expanding the empire

99
The original purpose of the Delian League
was to…
protect the city-states
100
Name two of Solon’s accomplishments.





He freed people who had become slaves
because of debts
He made a law that nobody could be
enslaved
He organized citizens into four classes
based on wealth, not birth
He allowed all citizens to serve in the
government
He made the laws less harsh
101
What happened when Persia invaded
Greece (the Persian Wars)? Name at least
two.
The underdog Greeks beat the Persians
 City-states, such as Athens AND Sparta,
united to defeat the Persians
 Hollywood made the movie 300 about this
war!

102
The Peloponnesian War was mainly fought
between what two city-states?
Sparta and Athens
103
The center of Hellenistic culture that
Alexander founded was…
Alexandria
104
A question-and-answer style of teaching is
called
The Socratic Method
105
The Greek philosopher who did not believe
in democracy was:
Plato
106
List two ways that Athens came to
dominate the Delian league.

Pericles used funds from the Delian league to
create a massive navy for Athens.

Pericles transferred the treasury to Athens and
used funds to rebuild and beautify the city.

Athens treated other city-states like conquered
people.
107
What was the main cause of the
Peloponnesian War?
Other Greek city-states resented Athens'
power.
108
What were two consequences of the
Peloponnesian War?

As many as 1/3 of the population of Athens was
killed by plague including Pericles himself.

The great Athenian navy was destroyed when
Sparta won.

Phillip II of Macedon was able to sweep in and
conquer the weakened city-states of Greece.
109
How might the world have been different if
Alexander had lived longer? List two.
He might have expanded his empire
much further
 Maybe more of the world would have
adopted the Hellenistic culture
 The Mideast could have been unified.
Instead it was divided up among his
generals who fought each other for it

110
What does “Hellenistic” mean?

It is a culture based on a mix of Greek,
Persian, Egyptian, Indian and Roman
styles and customs
111
What are three aspects of Greek culture
that have continued in America to this day?

Drama (Comedy and Tragedy).

Sculpture and Art emphasizing Greek
ideals of beauty.

Architecture (often seen in public
buildings).

Other answers if ok with teacher.
112
According to Roman legend, Rome was
founded by…
Twins who had been rescued by a wolf.
Romulus and Remus.
Romulus killed Remus.
113
Why was Rome considered to be in the
perfect geographical location. Name at
least three reasons.
Rome's location offered water, protection,
and trade
114
Most early Romans worked as what?
farmers
115
The early Romans overthrew their Etruscan
king and established what kind of
government?
Republic
116
The Roman Senate was composed mainly
of educated, upper class citizens called…
patricians
117
List two possible events that marked the
end of the Roman Republic.
Julius Caesar’s rule and assassination
 Augustus Caesar (Octavian) being named
Emperor of Rome.

118
Why were some Romans threatened by
Julius Caesar?
He had too much power
 They thought he would become a
monarch (which Romans hated)

119
Who was the supreme god of the Roman
world?
Jupiter
120
List three characteristics of the government of
the Roman Republic.




It had a legislative branch to make laws
It had an executive branch, headed by two
consuls
It had a judicial branch to interpret the laws
(judges)
The consuls served for one year and
commanded the armies and had veto power
121
What organization helped to unite Western
Europe after the Roman Empire collapsed?
The Roman Catholic Church
122
What technology did the Romans invent to
transport water over long distances to be
used in distant cities?
aqueducts
123
Explain how the size of the Roman Empire
was a factor in its decline. Need two.
It was too big to defend
 It cost a ton to govern
 It was so big it was hard to communicate
between city-states and hard to unite
 Need at least two to get this right

124
What were the results of the Punic Wars?

Rome now controlled all of the
Mediterranean.
125
What was the primary cause of the civil war
in Rome? (this war took place AFTER the
Punic Wars)

Tensions between rich (Patricians) and
poor (Plebians)
126
Name at least two ways Octavius Augustus
was good for Rome?
Great emperor. Some thought he was a God.
 He ruled most of Western world.
 He started civil services like postal service.
 Under his rule, Rome entered Pax Romana
(roads, aqueducts, buildings, etc…huge Roman
expansion across Europe)
 He restored the senate (but kept control over it)

127
What is the 200 year period of peace and
stability called that began with Augustus
Caesar's rule?

The Pax Romana
128
How did aqueducts change Roman way of
life in cities? Need at least two ways.
Easier access to fresh/clean water
 Could now heat homes
 Water=building of Roman Bathhouses
 Water was a symbol of wealth (only the rich had
water in their homes)
 Could now plant crops within city, rather than in
faraway fields

129
Why were some Roman officials upset by
Jesus’ teachings? Need two.
Jesus spoke out against government corruption
 Jesus was on the side of the poor and outcasts
 Jesus was worshipped as God and to the
Romans, Caesar was God. In other words, he
was a threat to the throne of Caesar.
 Jesus said “all people are equal.” The Romans
hated that!

130
What is the Apostle Paul best known for?


He spread the gospel throughout the Roman
Empire
He wrote much of the New Testament in the
Christian bible
131
Who was Constantine and why was he
important?
A Roman ruler that reunited the Eastern
and Western empire
 He declared Christianity the official
religion of Rome (his vision)
 He appointed the Pope to rule the Roman
Catholic church

132
What made the Western roman empire
weaker than the Eastern roman empire?

More exposed to attack from Nomadic
tribes

Less wealth
133
Name two ways the Roman republic is
similar to the U.S. government.





The Senate
The 2 Consuls (we have 1 president)
Legislative Branch
Executive Branch
Judicial Branch
134
The government of the Roman republic was
divided into a three parts (called a
tripartite government) Name each and
say what they do.
Legislative Branch (makes laws)
 Executive Branch (enforces laws)
 Judicial Branch (interprets laws in court)

135
What are two things that Emperor
Diocletian did in order to make governing
the empire possible?

Split the empire into East and West

Placed the military permanently on the
borders

Restricted the price of basic necessities
such as bread
136
What event marked the ending of the
Western Roman empire?

Germanic barbarians invaded the city of
Rome and overthrew the last Roman
emperor
137
Give two examples of Roman legacies that
have endured through history.

Roman advances in architecture and
engineering

Christianity

Systems of Roman Government and Law
138