Transcript Example - Gordon State College

Spanish 2001
Gordon State College
Spring 2016
Darren Broome, Ph.D.
Dia uno
• Introduction to course
• Syllabus
Dia dos
• Vocabulario, leccion 11 (368-369)
• 3 p. 369
• Mandatos familiares
• Los mandatos afirmativos con tu tienen la
misma forma de la tercera persona singular del
presente de indicativo.
• Hablar→habla, comer→come,
escribir→escribe
• Algunos irregulares afirmativos:
• Di (decir), haz (hacer), ve (ir), sal (salir), sé
(ser), ten (ten), ven (venir), d
• Cuidado con los verbos que terminan en: –car, gar, -zar
Sacar-no saques
Apagar-no apagues
Almorzar-no almuerces
• Para formar los mandatos familiares negativos,
hay que conjugar en la primera personal
singular del presente
• Después, remover “o” y anadir:
No + es (-ar)
No + as (-er,-ir)
Poner-pongo-no pongas
Pedir-pido-no pidas
Hacer-hago-no hagas
Traer-traigo-no traigas
Ofrecer-ofrezco-no ofrezcas
Mandatos familiares negativos irregulares:
Dar (no dés), estar (no estés), ir (no vayas), saber
(no sepas), ser (no seas)
• Contesta las preguntas siguientes afirmativa y
negativamente. Sigue el modelo:
• Debo contestar la llamada?
• Sí, contéstala -No, no la contestes.
1. Debo comprar la camisa?
2. Debo salir de la casa?
3. Debo hacer la tarea?
4. Debo decir la verdad?
•
•
•
•
Familiar commands
Intentalo p. 379
1, 2 p. 380
Mini-quiz (in class),- familiar
commands: Tuesday, 1/12/2016
Dia dos
• Review commands
• Text: inténtalo, 1 (p. 380-81)
• Take quiz
POR
PARA
• * by, by means of.
Example:
'Viajo por auto'. (= I travel by
car.)
• * through, along.
Example:
'Quiero caminar por la
vereda'. (= I want to walk on the
sidewalk.)
• * in order to.
Example:
'Venimos para jugar'. (= We
come to play.)
• * to be given to.
Example:
'El dinero es para ti'. (= The
money is for you.)
POR
PARA
• * during, in (a time of
day).
Example:
Desayuna por la mañana'. (=
She eats breakfast in the
morning.)
• * by (a deadline).
Example:
'Tenemos que terminar para el
lunes'. (= We have to finish by
Monday.)
• * to be used for.
Example:
'El martillo es para clavar
clavos'. (= The hammer is for
nailing nails.)
• * in exchange for.
Example:
'Quiero $50 por mi vieja
bicicleta'. (= I want $50 for my
old bicycle.
por
para
• * for the sake of, on behalf
of.
Example:
'Mis amigos hablan por mí'. (=
My friends speak for me.)
• * duration of time.
Example:
'Trabajamos por tres horas'. (=
We worked for three hours.)
• * as compared with
others.
Example:
'Para ser un viejo, juega bien'.(=
For an old man)
• * to work for.
Example:
'Trabajo para Walmart'. (= I
work for Walmart.)
• * fixed expressions like 'por lo general' (=
generally), 'por favor'(= please), 'por lo
menos' (= at least), 'por ejemplo' (= for
example),'por eso' (= that's why), etc.
Por ejemplo:
'No me gusta. Por eso, no lo hago'. (= I don't like
it. That's why, I don't do it.)
Review in text: intentalo, 1 (p.383-384_
• A reciprocal structure expresses a shared or
reciprocal action between two or more people or
things. To say it another way, they all do it “to
one another.”
• Only the plural forms of the reflexive pronouns
(nos, se) are used to express reciprocal actions
since the action must involve more than one
person or thing.
• Examples:
1. Ellos se miran. They look at each other.
2. Nos vemos. We see each other.
3. Ellos se dan la mano. They shake each other’s
hand.
4. Nos hablamos. We talk to one another.
5. Paco y usted se escriben cartas. Paco and you
write each other letters.
6. Nos ayudamos. We help each other.
• Traducir:
1. When do you see each other every week?
2. We buy each other gifts.
3. My neighbors (vecinos) yell (gritar)at one
another.
4. You shouldn’t tell each other everything.
5. They meet each other at the gym.
• Intentalo, 1, 3 (p.386-387)
Dia tres
• We have already learned unstressed possessive
adjectives in an earlier lesson [mi(s), tu(s),
su(su), nuestro/a(s)]. The stressed possessive
adjectives also emphasize possession or
ownership of the noun. We have them in
English: of mine, of yours, of theirs, of ours, etc.
• If I want I can say, Paco is my friend, but I could
also say, Paco is a friend of mine.
•
•
•
•
Mío/mía(s) [of mine]
Tuyo/tuya(s) [of yours-familiar]
Suyo/suya(s) [of yours, of his, of yours, of theirs]
Nuestro/nuestra(s) [of ours]
• How do they work?
• Article + noun + stressed possesive adjective
• Paco es mi (unstressed) amigo.
(Paso is a my friend.)
• Let’s change to “stressed possesive adjective.
• Paco es un amigo mío.
(Paco is a friend of mine.)
Remember: stressed possessive adjectives agree
in number and gender with the nouns they are
modifying and are positioned after the noun.
• Let’s change the following sentences to the
unstressed possessive adjective form:
1. Una de mis casas está en ese barrio.
2. Su tarea tiene errores.
3. Nuestra impresora no funciona.
4. Mis zapatos están sucios.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Una casa mía está en ese barrio.
La tarea suya tiene errores.
La impresora nuestra no funciona.
Los zapatos míos están sucios.
• Now, if you understand stressed possessive
adjectives, you will find possessive pronouns
very simple. All we need to know is that they are
the same as the possessive adjectives but without
the noun and with a definitive article.
• In English, we use possessive adjectives all the
same.
For example: Johnny, do you have your
homework today? No, I don’t have mine.
1. ¿Dónde estacionas tu coche? Where do you
park your car?
2. ¿Trae Carlos su libro de texto a la clase? Does
Carlos bring his textbook to class?
3. ¿Dónde está la casa de ustedes? Where is your
house?
1. Estaciono el mío en el garage. I park mine in
the garage.
2. No, no trae el suyo a la clase. No, he does not
bring his to class.
3. La nuestra está en la avenida Gómez. Ours is
in Gomez Avenue.
• Por vs. para
• Reciprocal pronouns
• Stressed pronouns
Dia cuatro
• Relative pronouns. Relative expressions
typically refer back to another expression or
concept which preceded it. The most frequently
used type is the relative pronoun, usually
expressed in English as that,which,
or who(m). We can even omit these pronouns
in many cases in English. The noun, pronoun, or
phrase to which these relative pronouns refer
back to is called the antecedent.
•
•
•
•
Antecedent+relative pronouns + clause
The man that you met in my uncle.
The man whom you met is my uncle.
The man you met is my uncle.
• There are several differences between English
and Spanish regarding relatives: 1) In Spanish
we cannot omit the relative pronoun as occurred
in the last example above; 2) Spanish highlights
the difference between relative pronouns and
similarly spelled question words by not using
accent marks on the relatives; 3) There are a
wider range of relative pronouns from which to
choose in Spanish:
• Que….that, which, who, whom
• Quien, quenes…who (or whom, after a
preposition)
• The relative pronoun, que, must be used when
the relative pronoun comes immediately after
the antecedent, that is, when there is nothing
between the two, not even a comma. “Que” is the
most widely used relative pronouns. It is used
for both people and objects, and may serve as
the subject or object of the clause which follows:
• La pluma que está en la mesa no es mía.
(The pen that/which is on the table is not mine)
Tengo el libro que buscas
(I have the book that, which you are looking for.)
Conozco a la chica que vive alli
(I know the girl that/who lives there)
El hombre que ves es mi abuela
The man (whom) you see is my grandfather)
• Neuter relative pronoun: lo
que (which, what, the thing that). Lo que
refers to a situation or concept, and not to a
specific masculine or feminine noun or
pronoun. Tip: when the word “what” appears in
a sentence and is not a question word, it is
normally translated as lo que.
• Enrique empezó a gritar en voz muy
alta, lo que le molestó mucho a su
familia.Enrique began to shout in a very loud
voice, which upset his family very much [The
thing referred back to is not a noun phrase such
as the ‘the shout’ or ‘his shouts’ but the situation
involving idea or the action of shouting]
• No puedo describir lo que vi en la calle
esta mañana. I can't describe what I saw in
the street this morning. [que could not be used
here, since there is no antecedent given in the
sentence.]
• Lo que dijiste no tiene sentido. What you
said doesn't make any sense. [Again, que could
not be used here, since there is no antecedent
given in the sentence.]
• Quien and the plural form quienes (who) are
used when the antecedent is a person and there
is some distance between the antecedent and the
relative pronoun, usually a comma or a short
(one- or two-syllable) preposition:
• ¿Donde están
las secretarias a quienes hablé esta
mañana? Where are the secretaries I spoke to
this morning [to whom I spoke this morning]?
• Maria es la mujer con quien quería casarme.
Maria is the woman I wanted to marry.
• Nadie parece cononcer a Miguel, de quien está
enamorado Elena.
No one seems to know Miguel, whom Elena is in
love with/of whom Elena is enamored.
• Intentalo, 2: p 415-416
• Relative pronouns
Día seis
• Formal commands
• Time to learn formal commands. We already know
informal commands (tú). If you remember how to
form a negative tú command, you should have no
problem forming usted commands. For regular
formal commands, we will conjugate the verb in the
“yo” form, then drop the “o” (just like negative tú
commands). Afterwards, we will add “a” for –er
and –ir verbs, and add “e” for –ar verbs. You will
add “n” if it is a “ustedes” command.
• For instance the formal command for these
verbs. Let’s follow the steps.
hacer→Hago→hag(o)→haga
venir→vengo→veng(o)→venga
pensar→pienso→piens(o)→piense
• If we want to give a negative command, just
place “no” before the verb. Also, regarding the
pronouns with commands, we will attach them if
the command is affirmative but the pronouns
will precede a negative command.
• Do the homework! ¡Haga la tarea!
• Do it (homework)! ¡hágala! (Don’t forget the
accent mark to maintain stress.)
• Don’t do it (homework)! ¡No la haga!
•
•
•
•
Intentalo, 1: p. 419-420
Formal commands
FORMAL COMMANDS (crossword)
Mini quiz 3, Thursday (1/26) over relative
pronouns and formal commands
(usted/ustedes)
Dia 6
• Mini quiz 3
• Spanish verbs have both MOOD and TENSE.
• Thus far, we have been in the INDICATIVE
MOOD.
• PRESENT, PRETERITE, IMPERFECT
1. Yo hablo español con mis amigos.
2. Anoche yo hablé con mis amigos.
3. Antes yo hablaba con mis amigos.
•
•
•
•
•
What is the root of the word INDICATIVE?
Nosotros vamos al cine...
Me gustan las vacas...
Yo puedo jugar al golf muy bien
Those sentences factual?
• What is the root of the word SUBJUNCTIVE
• With indicative, it might also be thought of as
"objective
• if they were in a courtroom and on trial for their
life, would they rather give “objective” or
“subjective” testimony?
• The following is the formula to "see" the structure of this
somewhat difficult grammatical concept.
• 1st subject + 1st verb trigger+QUE+2nd subject+2nd
verb(subjunctive) +ROTS
• There are certain verbs in the Spanish language that whe
you see them ...hear them...plan to speak them, the
whistles, bells and sirens start going off in your mind: 'Th
could be...It might be... It's real possible that...this is goin
to be a subjunctive sentence!!!' We call them "TRIGGER"
verbs because they trigger your mind to start thinking ab
the SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD.
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Trigger Verbs
Querer
Desear
Esperar
Dudar
Aconsejar
Pedir
Insistir (en)
Mandar
Permitir
Recomendar
Sugerir
Necesitar
• Trigger impersonal
expressions
• Es importante
• Es bueno
• Es interesante
• Es posible
• Es problable
• Es necesario
• Es mejor
• Es malo
• Es dudoso
How to form?
Find the infinitive
Conjugate into the "Yo" form, PRESENT tense, INDICATIVE
mood
Drop the "-o
If it is an –ar verb, add:
a
amos
as
áis
a
an
If is an –er or –ir verb, add:
e
emos
es
éis
e
en
• 1st subject + 1st verb + QUE + 2nd subject
+ 2nd verb ROTS
• 1st verb must be indicative and 2nd verb is
subjunctive if there is a subject change.
• Yo
quiero
que
coman en mi casa.
• Subjunctive, right?
mis padres
1.Es importante que Ryan ___________ para el
quiz (ESTUDIAR).
Yes, subjunctive, “Estudie” because we have a trigger,
“que” and subject change.
2.Necesito ______________este fin de semana
(TRABAJAR).
No, we have trigger verb but there is not “que” and no
subject change: “trabajar.”
3.Nik y Anslee esperan que Aubry y Danielle
__________ un trabajo bueno (ENCONTRAR).
Yes, subjunctive: “encuentren”. We have a trigger
verb, a “que” and subject change.
4.La novia de Chuck permite que él la __________ en
ocaciones especiales (BESAR).
Subjunctive: “bese.” We have a trigger verb, “permite,” “que”
and subject change, “él.”
5.Elena, Will, y Cisco quieren que yo_______ les notas buenas
(DAR).
Subjunctive: “dé.” Trigger verb, “quieren,”; “que”; and subject
change “yo.”
6.Es probable que Will ____________ con una supermodela
algun día (CASARSE) *
Subjunctive: “se case.” We have the tigger verb “es probable,”
the “que,” and subject change, Will.
7.Es necesario ______________ (estudiar)
No subjunctive here. Yes, we have a trigger verb, but no “que”
and no subject change. So, it is “estudiar.”
• Subjunctive overview
• Verb chart: indicative, preterite, subjunctive
• Subjunctive 1
Dia siete
• Review subjunctive
• Exercises in text Intentalo, 1, intentalo, 1 (p.424428)
• Recapitulacion: p.430-431
• Composition 1: Thursday, 2/4/2016
Dia ocho
•
•
•
•
•
Empezar leccion 13
Ex. 3, p. 443
6 p. 444
Subjuntivo …emocion
Intentalo, 2
• Subjunctive emotion
Traducir
1.They want us to buy them the
notebook
6.I’m delighted you understand
physics.
2.It is better that he go to the
airport early.
7.I hope we live may live one
hundred years or more.
3.The boss doesn’t let us smoke
in the office
8.I ask you to help me with the
project.
9.It is necessary to study every
day.
10.The professor does not allow
our talking in class.
4.I suggest we meet again next
week.
5.I don’t want them to arrive
early.
Dia nueve
•
•
•
•
Subjunctive emotion
Subjunctive doubt
Subjunctive Triggers
Composition 1: Imagine you are going away
for the weekend and you are letting some of
your friends stay in your house. Write
instructions for your friends telling them how to
take care of the house. Employ the subjunctive
to describe how to make sure your house is in
good shape when you get home.
•
Dia (diez) 10
1.Quero que tu tienes bueno dia.
2.Que es necesario lava platos.
3.Espere ustedes limpien mi
casa.
4.Es necesario que ustedes ser
responsable.
5.Desee ustedes divertirse.
6.Quiero mi casa limpia.
7.Yo aconseja que tú lave los
platos, hago la cama.
8.Pero yo espiero que uds. No
detruan la casa.
9.Sugero que tú saques la basura.
10.Recomiendo que tú comas el
pescado.
11.Es fácil por mi casa ensuciar.
12.Deseo que no tenges una
fiesta.
13.Regresso
14.Necessito
15.Insisto que tú laves los platos.
16.Querno que tú arregles la sala
y la cocina en jueves.
17.En lunes…
• Conjunctions that require subjunctive
• Conjunctions subjunctive exercise
• Rewrite due: 2/16/2016 (Tuesday)
Dia once
• No class
Dia doce
• Review exs. Lesson 13: 461-465
• Comenzar leccion 14
•
•
•
•
•
Existing and non-existing antedents
We have a Russian friend.
We have a friend who is Russian.
Difference in the two sentences?
Adjective clause describe a noun, place thing, or
idea. This noun is referred to as antecedent as is
usually the direct object in the sentence.
• In Spanish, the subjunctive will be employed if
the antecedent does not exist while the
indicative is used if the noun is clearly known,
certain, or definite.
• Examples:
• Tenemos una computadora que funciona.
• Necesitamos una computadora que funcione.
• See the difference?
• Funcionar to function/work
• Let’s look at some examples:
• Buscamos una maleta que no ______(tener)
ese defecto.
• Él tiene una secretaria que _______(escribir)
rápido.
• Hay pocos científocps que ________
(comprender) las teorías de Einstein.
• Ella busca un novio que _________ (querer)
esquiar en Chile.
• Hay una casa que _______(tener) tres baños.
Traducir
1. I would like to study a language that is esaier than
German.
2. She is looking for Mrs. Lopez who is from Spain.
3. He wants a book that explains everything about
photography.
4. I prefer that car that has four doors.
5. He wants to live in the house that doesn’t cost
much.
6. I know someone who plays the guitar.
7. He prefers to live in a house that does not cost
much.
• Antecedents
Dia trece
•
•
•
•
•
•
Review antecedents
Nosotros Commands
1st person plural form of subjunctive
Vamos a [infinitive]
Estudiemos/vamos a estudiar
With pronouns, attach pronoun after command
for affirmative and place before command and
after “no” for negative commands
• Estudiémoslo/ no lo estudiemos
• If ‘Nos” or “se” is attached to nosotros
commands, the final –s is dropped.
• Leventémonos, leámosela
• Rewrite the sentences using the nosotros/as command forms of
the indicated verbs.Modelo
• Tenemos que terminar el trabajo antes de las cinco.
Terminemos el trabajo antes de las cinco.
1. Hay que limpiar la casa hoy.
2.
Tenemos que ir al dentista esta semana.
3.
Debemos depositar el dinero en el banco.
4.
Podemos viajar a Venezuela este invierno.
5.
Queremos salir a bailar este sábado.
6.
Deseamos invitar a los amigos de Ana.
• Forma oraciones completas usando los elementos
dados (given). Usa mandatos de nosotros/as.
1. levantarse / a / las siete
2. cerrar / las ventanas
3. limpiar / la casa / hoy
4. depositar / el cheque / en / el banco
5. sentarse / en / el sofá
• Composition 2
Describe what you are looking for in an ideal
relationship or ideal match. You probably will
want to incorporate antecedents in the
composition. Remember the person you are
describing does not exist. I am not asking you to
describe your current mate. Useful verbs: buscar,
conocer, encontrar, haber, necesitar, querer,
desear, gustar.
Dia catorce (14)
• Composition errors
• 1.No conozco a alguien que
guste limpiar.
• 2.Quieoro un hombre que esté
de Georgia.
• 3.Quiero alguien que le gusta
animales.
• 4.No quiero alquien que no
hable mucho conmigo.
• 5.Quiero un hombre que quiera
mi.
• 6.Hay un hombre que esté
perfecto para mi?
• 7.Quiero alguien que le gusta
animals.
• 8.Está muy importante que un
hombre le guste leer.
• 9.Busco un hombre que esté
inteligente.
• 10.Yo necesito una persona que
limpie mucho porque yo no me
gusta a limpiar.
• 11.Me gustaría un hombre que le
guste conciertos.
• 12.Yo yo tengo nadie.
• 13.Mis amigos y yo todos les
gusten los video juegos.
• 14.Es necesario que te le guste
lee.
• 15.Yo necesito un hombre que
sepa cocina.
• 16.Nesesitamos una vida que sea
bueno y feliz.
•
•
•
•
Past participles
Regular verbs: ar-ado, er/ier-ido
Hablar---hablado, correr—corrido
All irregular past participles end in “to” except
hecho (hacer), dicho (dicho)
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Irregular past participles
Abrir
Decir
Descubrir
Escribir
Hacer
Morir
Poner
Resolver
Romper
Ver
volver
• P.494 1,2, 3
• Past participles
• Final exam taken on d2l: (2/27/2016,
Saturday)from 8am to 11:59pm (2/28/2016,
Sunday)
• You will have 70 minutes to complete.
• Will cover all grammar from lesson 11-14
. Sale todas las noches. Give commands (informal) to
help him change his habits.
No _______________ hasta el fin de semana.
a. sales
b. salgas
c. sal
d. salis
. María hace un pastel. CHANGE TO FORMAL
COMMANDS.
a. María, haz un pastel, por favor.
b. María, hagas un pastel, por favor.
c. María, haces un pastel, por favor.
d. María, haga un pastel, por favor.
Sample questions
También prefiero que la casa ________________ cerca
de mis amigos. GIVE CORRECT VERB FORM.
a. está
b. estás
c. esté
d. estén
Es probable que _______________ mañana. GIVE
CORRECT VERB FORM.
a. llueva
b. llueve
c. llovió
d. lloviera
Nos quedaremos hasta que ________________ a
buscarnos. GIVE CORRECT VERB FORM.
a. vengan
b. vienen
c. venían
José vino al aeropuerto en su coche, pero nosotros
dejamos _______________ (ours) en casa y tomamos
un taxi. Give correct stressed possessive pronoun.
a. la nuestra
b. el suyo
c. el tuyo
d. el nuestro
They’ll run out of food before we go. TRANSLATE.
a. Se les acaba la comida antes de que nos vamos.
b. Se les acaba la comida antes de que nos fuéramos.
c. Se les acaba la comida antes de que nos vayamos.
d. Se les acaba la comida antes de que nos fuimos.
El hombre a ___________ conocí anoche es el
primo de Fernando. GIVE CORRECT RELATIVE
PRONOUN.
a. el que
b. la que
c. quien
d. lo que
Casi siempre viajo ____________ avión. POR OR
PARA?
a. para
b. por
55. Nunca pongo la mesa cuando ceno. Mi mesa
siempre está __________. COMPLETE WITH
LOGICAL PAST PARTICIPLE.
a. muerta
b. dicha
c. puesta
d. caída