Transcript Food and Energy VT

Food and Energy
© ORCA Education Limited 2005
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Where does Energy
come from?
Energy cannot be created or
destroyed but can be changed from
one form to another.
Plants convert solar energy to
chemical energy by photosynthesis.
The chemical energy is used to
make carbohydrates, protein and
fats.
Animals oxidise carbohydrates,
protein and fats (i.e. use oxygen and
glucose) to produce energy, carbon
dioxide and water. *
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Energy comes
from the sun.
Why is energy needed?
for warmth.
for body functions
inc. heart and lungs
for growth
and tissue repair
for active movement
B vitamins are needed to convert food
to energy and iron for transporting
oxygen and energy release. *
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How is Energy Measured?
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All energy can be measured.
This includes energy from the sun, the energy we use and the
energy contained in food.
Energy is measured either in joules or calories.
Both measures are used in the same way as pints and litres.
One kilocalorie or kcal (sometimes written
as Calorie) equals 4.184 kilojoules or kJ.
1000kcal = 4184kJ.
 The calorific or energy values of the
macro-nutrients are:
 1 gram protein = 4kcal or 17kJ
 1 gram fat = 9kcal or 38kJ
 1 gram carbohydrate = 3.75 or 16kJ. *
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The British Diet
5
0
What types of foods would be
from cereals? *
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Other fooods
Fish
Other Vegetables
10
Fat Spreads
15
Jams & Sweets
%
20
Potatoes & Snacks
25
Drinks
30
Reference: British Nutrition Foundation
Milk Products
35
Meat Products
This chart shows the energy sources in the British diet.
Cereals
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How much energy do
we need?
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This depends on physical activity, basal
metabolic rate, age and sex.
Basal metabolic rate is the rate at which
a person uses energy to maintain the
basic functions of the body.
An adult will use about 1.1kcal per
minute.
Babies and infants tend to have a higher
BMR due to their rapid growth.
Men have a higher BMR than women as
they tend to have more muscle.
Older adults have a lower BMR as
muscle tends to decrease with age.
The BMR accounts for three quarters of
our energy needs.
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Why would this pizza
be a good source of
energy? *
Activity Levels and Energy
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The estimated average
requirement (EAR) for energy
for a 15-18 year old is
2755kcal (M) and 2110kcal (F).
EAR is based on age, sex and
how active we are.
Pregnant and breastfeeding
women need extra energy for
the growth of the baby and
production of milk. *
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Best Activities to use Energy
Reference: British Nutrition Foundation
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Ironing
0
Cleaning
Golf
Brisk walk
50
Cycling
100
Aerobics
150
From the table
suggest how you
could keep active
without doing sport. *
Swimming
200
Tennis
kcal / 30 mins
250
Running 10mph
300
Energy Values in the Diet
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Energy values can be calculated by
using food tables.
Starches should represent 50% of our
food energy (about 275grams) and fat
no more than 35%(about 75grams).
Protein should be 15% of our food
energy or about 55grams.
An average portion of cheese and ham
deep pan pizza will provide about
550kcals, 16g fat (12g saturated) and
40g protein. 77g carbohydrate and 5g
fibre.
Chips 400kcal, 16g fat and a fizzy drink
100kcal (all NME).
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What is your opinion
of this meal? *
The Energy Balance
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Energy is stored in the body as fat.
When the diet provides more energy
than is needed, the excess is stored
as fat and the person puts on weight.
If we obtain less energy than we need,
the fat stores are used as fuel and the
person loses weight.
We need to balance the energy in the
food we take in, to the energy we use
in order to maintain an ideal weight.
Our appetite is our natural calorie
counter.
Appetite makes us feel hungry when
we need energy and full when we have
eaten enough.
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Should we then let
children eat what
they want? *
Obesity
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A person who is very fat is said
to be obese.
An obese person is 20% or more
above the desired weight range.
Obese people suffer more from
coronary heart disease, type 2
diabetes, gallstones, arthritis,
high blood pressure and some
forms of cancer.
In 2000/1, 25% of males and 20%
of females were obese.
A further 41% of males and 33%
females were overweight.
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Why do you think more
men are overweight
than women? *
Exercise
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During your teenage years you
are building the body for the rest
of your life.
Not taking exercise may well
condemn you to a shorter
unhealthier life.
You should do one hour of
moderate exercise a day
including preferably 30 minutes
where your pulse is over 120bpm.
Exercise does not have to be
sport. A brisk walk to the
shops will do.
Exercise helps digestion of
food and mental health. *
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Vocabulary
Some words or terms to learn
Photosynthesis
 Solar energy
 Chemical energy
 Carbohydrates
 B vitamins
 Metabolic rate
 EAR

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Energy values
 Energy balance
 Obesity
 Coronary heart disease
 Diabetes *
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The Task

You can enter here a task for your students.
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End
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