Transcript Document

Healthy Eating
For Life
© ORCA Education Limited 2005
New
Words
The Western World Diet
Eating Habit
Too much salt
Too much
saturated fat
Too many
NME sugars
Not enough
dietary fibre
(NSP)
Over-eating
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Match the
habit
to the
problem
Problem
Dental caries, obesity,
under nutrition
Bowel disorders,
constipation, haemorrhoids,
bowel cancer
High cholesterol, heart
disease, obesity
Higher risk of non-insulin
dependent diabetes, obesity *
High blood pressure, heart
disease, stroke, kidney failure
Government
Interest
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The government is concerned
about people’s health for social
and economic reasons.
In 1992 the Government white
paper ‘The Health of the nation’
was launched for health
improvement.
It set long term targets to
improve the nations health
including:
Where do you think there has
been little improvement? *
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improve the
national diet
decrease
heart disease
reduce stroke
cases
reduce cancer
deaths
tackle
obesity.
The Healthy Eating Guidelines
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8.
In 1990, the old Ministry of Agriculture,
Fisheries and Food (MAFF) produced
‘Eight Guidelines to a Healthy Diet’:
enjoy your food
eat a variety of different foods
eat the right amount to be a healthy
weight
eat plenty of foods rich in starch and fibre
don’t eat too much fat
don’t eat sugary foods too often
look after the vitamins and minerals in
your food
if you drink alcohol, keep within sensible
limits. *
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Healthy Eating For Specific Groups
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Everyone has different food needs.
What things help decide what you eat?
The healthy eating guidelines are a
good guide but what are our special
food needs throughout our lives.
What do you think would be
the special dietary needs of
each of these people? *
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Pregnancy
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Pregnant women need enough energy and nutrients
for the baby to grow, develop and be healthy.
What diet does this pregnant woman need?
Extra protein and energy
especially during the last
three months.
Avoid soft cheeses
undercooked meats and ready
meals (due to risk of listeria).
Foods rich in folic acid to
reduce the risk of neural
tube defect (400mcg/day).
Fresh tuna may contain
mercury.
Dietary fibre(NSP)to
prevent constipation.
Foods rich in iron,
calcium and vitamin D.
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Avoid too much vitamin A
found in liver.
Not too much caffeine and no
alcohol as these can harm the
developing baby. *
Feeding Babies
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For the first 4 months it is recommended that
babies are breastfed.
The production of milk is called lactation.
The mother should eat foods rich in protein,
calcium, iron and zinc and vitamins A, C and D
and drink more than normal to help produce
the milk.
The advantages of breastfeeding
are:
it is convenient
it is free
it has the exact
ingredients
it can reduce
allergies
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it contains antibodies to
protect against infection
it helps the mother lose
weight after pregnancy
it helps bond
mother and child.*
Toddlers and Young Children
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Good eating habits start at this age.
Poor diets are difficult to change and may lead to health
problems in later life.
The parent or carer must ensure the child has a healthy diet.
Young children should have a variety of food
that are full of energy but also nutrient dense.
They should have full-fat milk until 2 years old.
Their stomachs cannot cope with
high fibre foods such as wholemeal
pasta or brown rice.
Eating should be fun
and social, sitting
around the table with
family and friends. *
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Feeding Growing Children
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Good eating habits can help avoid
obesity and other health problems.
Choose frozen yoghurt rather than ice
cream.
Give bagels instead of doughnuts.
Do not use food as a reward.
Avoid too many convenience foods.
These contain “hidden” amounts of
fat, salt and sugar.
Try to use fresh foods for
children's meals.
What would be good
alternative foods on a
children’s day out? *
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Teenagers
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Teenagers can have large appetites.
It is important that they have three meals of
high nutritional value.
This will reduce their need to snack on
foods that may be high in fats, sugar or salt.
Teenagers have higher energy requirements
than any other age group and should eat
lots of starchy foods, fruit and vegetables.
The diet should also include foods rich in
protein, calcium, vitamins B and C and iron
for girls.
The daily requirement of iron for a male
Why is it more difficult
aged 11-18 is 11.3mg and for a female
for parents to
14.8mg.
supervise what
teenagers eat? *
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Sport and Exercise
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People who are involved in sport or heavy exercise need a good diet.
Foods rich in carbohydrate will provide energy.
Starchy foods are best.
They build up glycogen stores in the muscles
which release energy.
A good glycogen store is needed for stamina.
Muscles need to refuel glycogen
stores after exercise.
As we eat more protein than we
need, there is no need to eat extra.
Drinking water will replace fluid lost
in sweat.
Do athletes need to eat and
drink food supplements? *
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Which meal is best?
If you were a sports nutritionist with the England Rugby Team which
would you recommend? What score out of 10 would you give to each?
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The chicken is lean and easily digested.
The vegetables provide minerals.
The pasta gives easily used
carbohydrates.
The burger and the chips contain fats.
The body will have to use energy and
oxygen just to release the energy in fat in
these foods.
Less energy will reach the muscles.
The meat is less easily digested.
Animal fats (saturates) contain
cholesterol which can build up in the
arteries.
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9/10?
6/10?
Older People
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This 75 year old man should have 2100 kcal and
as much of the other nutrients (RNIs) as for
younger adults.
Why may very old people suffer from undernutrition?
they are less active, eat less and
miss out on nutrients
mouth and teeth problems
can make chewing difficult
arthritis can cause difficulty
handling kitchen equipment.
they may be housebound and
have difficulty shopping
may not have enough money to
buy adequate food
they may not be bothered to
cook if living alone.
What advice would you give this
person to help him have a healthy
diet as he gets older? *
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Vegetarians
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A vegetarian diet might
be more healthy.
The Vegetarian Society estimate
that
there are 4.5 - 5 million (1 in 12)
I read
that growing
people in Britain who are
vegetarian
crops is better for
There are different types of
the environment.
vegetarians from people who eat
some types of meat or animal
I am put off meat by
produce to those who eat no animal
food scares like
products.
Salmonella and
Why are more people becoming
BSE.
vegetarian?
My friend won’t eat
meat because she
is a Buddhist.
I also like the
taste of good
vegetarian food.*
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I think it is
wrong to kill
animals
even for
food.
A Vegetarian Diet
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Vegans eat no animal foods.
Plant foods can supply all a vegan’s needs but they must eat
a lot of these to get enough protein.
A lacto-vegetarian will eat dairy products but not eggs.
Their diet should contain enough nutrients, but they need to
have enough foods containing iron.
Soya, Quorn and fortified products (containing iron and B
group vitamins) can be used to supplement their diet.
Packaged food for vegetarians carries the V symbol.
This symbol is important as some processed foods have
hidden animal products such as gelatine, fish oil and rennet.
Is a vegetarian diet more
“healthy”? *
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Obesity
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Obesity is when weight gain poses a
serious threat to health.
This is more than just being slightly
overweight.
Obesity in children has tripled in 20
years.
8.5% of 6 year olds rising to 15% of 15
year olds are obese.
Young people can regain their proper
weight more easily than adults.
Young people should have a healthy
Question.
*
well-balanced diet, regular
home-cooked
meals, and take more exercise.
Obesity can have the following results:
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diabetes
increased colon
cancer risk
heart attack
high blood
pressure
restricted lifestyle
low self esteem. *
Food Intolerance
Food intolerance happens when
when the body reacts badly to a
certain food or ingredient.
 Symptoms can range from a skin
rash to death.
nuts
 There are different causes:
 enzyme deficiency
milk
 malabsorption
flavourings.
 food allergies.
 Common foods that cause
colourings
reactions are:
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What could you do about
food intolerance problems if
planning a children's party? *
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eggs
fish
shellfish
gluten
Soya
The Food Standards
Agency
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The FSA was set up in 2000 to
monitor the safety and standards
of all food for human
consumption.
What questions might you have
for them?
Should
How
At
IsIsbeef
what
itmuch
OK
I be
now
age
tofruit
oily
eat
is
OKit
washing
fishOK
and
raw
should
vegetables
toto
eggs?
eat?
fruit
start
I be
and
vegetables?*
eating
should
feeding
in
I be
my
cow’s
diet?
eating
milk to
? babies?
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Food Scares
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In 1996 BSE or “mad cow
disease” was found in Britain.
Experts were concerned a
human form (CJD)could be
transferred to humans by eating
the meat of infected cattle.
This affected beef sales and
therefore meal planning.
In a Gallop poll in 1996, 25% of
people had stopped eating beef
and sales of beef burgers fell.
Would you have still eaten beef
following the BSE scare? *
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Vocabulary
Some words or terms to learn
Non insulin dependent diabetes
 NME sugars
 Economic reasons
 Neural tube defect
 Listeria
 Convenience foods
 Glycogen

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Housebound
 BSE
 Salmonella
 Rennet
 Gelatin
 Malabsorption
 Enzyme deficiency *
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The Task
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You can enter here a task for your students.
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