Transcript Cultural Aspects of Food

Cultural Aspects of Food
“Things to Know”
Culture is the complex whole
which includes knowledge,
beliefs, art, morals, law and
custom. Food and any other
capabilities and habits acquired
by man as a member of society
ENCULTURATION
CULTURE THAT IS PASSED THOUGH LANGUAGE
ACQUISITION AND SOCIALIZATION FROM
GENERATION TO GENERATION
ASSIMILATION
• WHEN PEOPLE FROM ONE CULTURAL
GROUP SHED THEIR ETHNIC IDENTITY
AND FULLY MERGE INTO THE MAJORITY
CULTURE
ACCULTURATION
• PROCESS BY WHICH GROUPS AND
INDIVIDUALS ADAPT TO THE NORMS
AND VALUES OF AN ALIEN SOCIETY
FOOD HABITS
• THE WAYS IN WHICH HUMANS USE
FOOD, INCLUDING HOW FOOD IS
OBTAINED AND STORED, HOW IT IS
PREPARED, HOW IT IS SERVED AND TO
WHOM AND HOW IT IS CONSUMED
DIVERSITY
• IMPLIES DIFFERENCES IN PEOPLE BASED ON
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IDENTIFICATIONS WITH VARIOUS GROUPS
INCLUDES RACE, GENDER, CLASS, NATIVE
LANGUAGE, NATIONAL ORIGIN, PHYSICIAL
ABILITY, AGE, SEXUAL ORIENTATION,
RELIGION, PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE,
PERSONAL PREFERENCES AND WORK STYLES
ACKNOWLEDGING DIFFERENCES THROUGH
ACTION
VALUING DIVERSITY
• TREAT OTHERS AS THEY WISH TO BE
TREATED OR RECEIVER-CENTERED
• SET ASIDE ONE’S OWN PERSPECTIVE OR
PERSONAL FILTER TO SEE OTHERS FOR
WHO THEY ARE
• OTHER PEOPLE’S STANDARDS/VALUES
ARE AS VALID AS ONE’S OWN
SOCIALIZATION
Primary Socialization – acquired early in life
by immediate family, generally long lasting
and resistant to change
Re-socialization – occurs through
educational and intervention programs
ETHNOCENTRISM
BELIEF THAT ONE’S OWN PATTERNS OF
BEHAVIOR ARE PREFERABLE TO THOSE
OF ALL OTHER CULTURES
MY 5 MOST IMPORTANT
CONSIDERATIONS WHEN I
CHOOSE FOOD ARE ?
WHAT ?
WHY WE MAKE OUR CHOICES
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TASTE
ASSOCIATIONS
HABIT
ETHNIC HERITAGE
VALUES
SOCIAL PRESSURE
EMOTIONAL COMFORT
AVAILABILTY
IMAGE
NUTRITION TRANSITION
PHENOMENON OF GOING FROM
NOT HAVING ENOUGH FOOD TO
OVEREATING
HEALTH AND NUTRITION MAY BE
DEPENDENT ON:
• POVERTY
• CONFLICT
• GLOBALIZATION
IN THE BEGINNING
• SHORELINE OF FISH,SHELLFISH,LIMU
• BIRDS AND NEST OF TASTY EGGS
• A FEW FERNS
• FEW FRUITS IN HIGH MOUNTAINS
• NO EDIBLE CHO
FOODS ARE INTRODUCED
• KALO – TARO
• MALA – BANANA
• NIU – COCONUT
• KO – SUGARCANE
• AWA AWA – KAVA
• PIGS
UNINTENED IMPACT OF FOOD
INNOVATIONS ON SOCIETY
• CHANGE DYNAMICS OF FAMILY
• ADVERSELY AFFECT NUTRITIONAL VALUE
OF DIET
• NUTRITION TRANSITION (OBESITY0
WESTERNIZATION
• SPAM
• STOREBOUGHT FOODS
CHEESEBURGERS IN PARADISE
I DON’T THINK SO
MICRONESIANS PREFER WESTERN FOOD
DECREASE/ELIMINATE HEALTHIER ISLAND
FARE
BODY IMAGE CHANGES
SAMOAN/TONGAN WOMEN PREFER
SMALLER BODY SIZES AFTER
INTRODUCTION TO WESTERN IDEALS
ALASKAN NATIVES
• CONGENITAL PRIMARY SUCRASE-
ISOMALTASE DEFICIENCY
• EATING ANIMALS IN ENTIRETY
PROVIDED ALL NECESSARY NUTRIENTS
• NUTRITONAL AND MEDICINAL VALUES OF
TUNDRA PLANTS
• ALASKA’S VANISHING ARCTIC CUISINE
• CASH ECONOMY
NATIVE PEOPLES
• SAND PAPAGO
• PIMA TRIBE – INCREASE IN TYPE 2
DIABETES WITH DECREASE IN
TRADTIONAL DIET
• IKWE MARKETING COLLECTIVE
• CINE – INDIGENOUS FOODS AND
NUTRITIONAL VALUES
CHINESE
• TRADITIONAL DIET BASED ON RICE,
VEGETABLES AND GREEN TEA
DECREASES HEART DISEASE
• WESTERNIZED CHINESE HAVE
INCREASED RATE OF HEART DISEASE
• DECREASE IN TRADITIONAL DIET
• YIN YANG
• SYMPATHETIC MAGIC FOODS
HISPANIC PEOPLES
• HOT/COLD THEORY
• ABUELA STUDY IN WASHINGTON STATE
WHERE QUESO FRESCA IS MADE WITH
PASTURIZED MILK TO DECREASE
INCIDENCE OF SALMONELLA
• MALNUTRITION IN MEXICAN VILLAGE
CONCLUSIONS
• KNOW SELF – BEWARE ETHNOCENTRISM
• HEALTH PROBLEMS CHANGE AS DIETS CHANGE
• SYMPATHETIC MAGIC FOODS, HEALING FOODS
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AND TABOOS
RESPECT / ACCEPT DIFFERENCES
COMMUNICATION FACTORS
RECOGNIZE RELIGIOUS BELIEFS
UNDERSTAND TEACHING IMPLICATIONS
WHAT TO DO
• ACQUIRE KNOWLEDGE
• I CAN’T EXPECT OTHERS TO THINK LIKE
I DO AFFIRMATION
• I CAN LEARN TO LIVE WITH CHANGE
AFFIRMATION
• HAVE FUN !
RESOURCES
• WWW.CINE.MCGILL.CA/
• [email protected]
• //ETHNOMED.ORG
• WWW.EATRIGHT.ORG
• KITTLER/SUCHER FOOD AND CULTURE
(2004) THOMSON
• NEWMAN, J. MELTING POT (1986)
GARLAND pUBLISHING
MORE RESOURCES
• SCAPP/SEITZ EATING CULTURE (1998)
STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK PRESS
• COUNIHAN/ESTERIK FOOD AND CULTURE
A READER (1997) ROUTLEDGE
• LAUDEN THE FOOD OF PARADISE (1996)
UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII PRESS
• MENZEL/D’ALUSISIO HUNGRY PLANET –
WHAT THE WORLD EATS