Cohoratives and Jussives
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Transcript Cohoratives and Jussives
Cohoratives and Jussives
Volitional – to express a wish, command,
or desire
Cohortative
The cohortative is the first-person counterpart to the imperative verb
form. The cohortative verb, like the imperative, expresses a command
or wish.
PNG
Imperfect
Cohortative
1cs
אֶ כְ ּתׁב
I shall write.
אֶ כְ ְתבָ ה
Let me write. (or)
May I write.
1cp
נִכְ ּתׁב
We shall write.
נִכְ ְתבָ ה
Let us write. (or)
May we write.
Jussive
The third-person counterpart to the imperative verb form is the
jussive. The jussive verb expresses a command or wish, such as
“Let him send,” or “May he send?” The jussive verb form is usually
identical to the third-person imperfect verb forms.
יִכְ ּתׁב
יִכְ ּתׁב־נָא
He will write. (or) let him write. (Imperfect or Jussive)
Let him write. (Jussive only)
Context is the best way to determine if the third-person verb
should be translated as an imperfect or a jussive. If the verb is
followed by the particle נָא, you should translate it as a jussive.
III- הJussives: 3ms/3fs Jussives drop the ֶׁהending of the 3ms/3fs
Imperfect
יִבְ נֶה
ַי ֲעלֶה
he will build
he will go up
יִבֶ ן
יַעַ ל
let him build
let him go up
Negation of Cohortative & Jussive
– ַאלGenerally, used with or without the maqqef.
For example: נָאׁנֹאבְ ָדה- ַאלDo not let us perish (Johah 1:14)
Also: יִחַ רׁאַ ְפָךׁבְ עַ בְ דֶ ָך- וְ ַאלDo not let your anger burn against your
servant (Gen 44:18)
Sequences with Volitionals
The imperative, cohortative, and jussive are grouped together into one
paradigm and share the same sequence characteristics. There are
three main sequence types:
Imperative followed by imperative. A list of imperative verbs
joined by a vav conjunction. For example:
ְשמַ עּׁוכְ תׁב
Hear and write!
Imperative followed by perfect. Similar to the narrative sequences we
learned in chapter 24, the imperative is followed by the perfect verb
attached to a vav-conversive. Remember that the vav-conversive
changes the meaning of the perfect to the meaning of the previous verb,
in this case an imperative. For example:ָׁ ְשמַ עׁוְ כָ תַ בְ ּתHear and (then) write!
Imperative, cohortative, or jussive followed by imperfect or
cohortative. For this sequence, use the translation value of “so that”
to express a result or purpose. Note the use of a vav conjunction
instead of a vav-conversive.
ְשמַ עׁוְ אֶ כְ ּתׁבHear so that I may write!
Easily Confused Words
כָ ְתבָ ה
כָ ְתבָ ה
Qal Perfect 3fs “she wrote”
כָ ְתבּו
כִ ְתבּו
Qal Perfect 3cp “they wrote”
Qal Imperative 2ms (you) write!
Qal Imperative 2mp (you) write!
בְ נּו
בָ נּו
Qal Perfect 3cp “they built”
עָ לּו
עֲלּו
Qal Perfect 3cp “they went up”
Qal Imperative 2mp (you) build!
Qal Imperative 2mp “(you) go up!”