Transcript Why Study Computers?

Chapter 3
Software Solutions for Personal
and Professional gain





Please discontinue use of cell
phone and turn off ringer
Succeeding with Technology
An Overview
Programming Languages
System Software
Application Software
Software Issues and Trends
Trends
 There is a shift from a hardware view of
computing to software & services
"Ten years out, in terms of actual
hardware costs you can almost think of
hardware as being free -- I'm not
saying it will be absolutely free -- but in
terms of the power of the servers, the
power of the network will not be a
limiting factor," Gates said, referring to
networked computers and advances in
the speed of the Internet.
Succeeding with Technology
3.1
An Overview of Software
Succeeding with Technology
Recall…2 Types of Software
 System Software
controls the
hardware and runs
the computer
system.
Succeeding with Technology
 Application
Software provides
services for people.
How Software Works
 Software consists of a
number of files at least
one of which is
“executable”.
 Executable File: stores
computer instructions in
binary machine language.
http://www.mozilla.com/firefox/
Succeeding with Technology
3.2
Programming Languages
How software is created
Succeeding with Technology
Programming Languages
 A programming language is the primary tool of
computer programmers, providing English-like
commands for writing software that is translated into
the detailed step-by-step instructions executed by the
processor.
A Programming Statement in C++
cout << "\nPlease Enter The Password:";
Syntax: a set of rules that describe how
programming statements and commands
should be written.
Succeeding with Technology
Programming Process
Source Code
void main()
{
Password.cpp
char password[200] = "opensaysme";
char input[200];
while(strcmp(password, input)) {
clrscr();
cout << "\nPlease Enter The Password:";
cin >> input;
Compiler
}
}
cout << "\nWelcome, Oh Great One!\n";
exit(1);
Object (Executable) Code
10011011000111010110111
Succeeding with Technology
How does interpreting
source code compare
to this compilation
process?
Password.exe
The Program
Commercial program
You only get the "Executable Code".
It impossible to translate executable
code back to the original "Source
Code".
EXECUTABLE FILE VIEWED WITH MICROSOFT WORD
Æ ‹ÇL éŽ èJi j é
€=W½L t"è5i j Sÿ ìÄJ j jmh
ÿ5ؾL éQ jRj èº YYéG -Z „Ä
ƒè t HH …/ è
é% j j h/ é
SèÔ Yè&m „Àj t~‹5ÅJ h[ SÿÖ‹=dÅJ Pÿ×j h\ SÿÖPÿ×j h_ SÿÖPÿ×j hY SÿÖPÿ×h+ SÿÖ‹ðh @
jüV‰ ŽL ÿ tÅJ hÕ hÔ Vj £ ŽL èÒf Sèùc ƒÄ ë h+ Sÿ ÅJ Pÿ dÅJ Sè » Yj Xég
ÿu è Y ¶ÀéV
fƒÿ tfƒÿ …D
h
+ Sÿ ÅJ é
€= ŽL tj{Sÿ ¼ÄJ ¡0ŽL …À „
Pÿ €ÀJ é
ƒÿ{ …ÿ Sè
Yéõ î
„¼ ƒî
„ƒ î
tpNNtZNNt$îš
… j j h+ Sÿ ÅJ Pèh ë?j j Sèz– ƒÄ
…À „• €=ÇL „ˆ èDg j Sÿ ìÄJ ëxhtÞK Sj èrŸ ƒÄ
ëfWèT é þÿÿh+ Sÿ ÅJ ‹ðVÿ xÅJ …ÀtBhÕ hÔ Vj èpe ƒÄ ë h+ Sÿ ÅJ ;øt Pÿ xÅJ …Àt j j hÉ Sÿ ðÄJ 3À_^[]Â
U‹ìQ¡ ŽL ‹ ŽL SVW3ÿ!}ü;Á‹Øw ‹Ùÿ ðÁJ + ŽL ‹,ŽL
…Ûw …Év,jd3Ò^÷ö‹ø…ÿu G‹Ã3ÒkÀd÷÷‹ð…öu j ^‹Á3ÒkÀd÷ö‰Eü;ûrM9Mür €% ŽL j{ÿu ÿ ¼ÄJ ‹Ã‹5¸ÄJ j
Succeeding with Technology
Review
What type of file holds computer instructions for the
processor to carry out?
What is the primary tool of a computer programmer?
When a programmer types the commands to create a
program, what type of code is created?
When a programmer’s code is compiled, what kind of
code is generated?
The rules of programming languages that define how
code is to be constructed are called the language’s
_______.
Succeeding with Technology
3.3
System Software
Helping the machine operate
effectively and efficiently
Key Terms
• Operating system
• Command-based
user interface
• Graphical User Interface
Succeeding with Technology
•
•
•
•
Booting
Multitasking
Open-source software
Utility programs
The Operating System
 The software that controls the computer’s
use of its hardware.
 Acts as an interface between application
software and hardware.
Applications
Operating
System
12
Succeeding with Technology
Operating System Functions
• Manages Processor Resources
• Manages Memory (RAM)
• Manages Storage and I/O
• Manages Peripheral Devices
•Uses device drivers
• Provides a Common User Interface
Multitasking
is the
processors
ability to run
more than
one program
at once.
•Graphical User Interface
• Manages Hardware
13
Succeeding with Technology
Operating System Types
• Desktop & Notebook Operating Systems
• Windows XP, AppleOS X, Linux
• Mobile Operating Systems
• Palm OS, Windows Tablet PC, PocketPC,
Smartphone, Portable Media Center,
Proprietary
• Industrial Strength Operating Systems
• UNIX, Windows 2000, Proprietary
• Embedded Operating Systems
www.microsoft.com/windows - check embedded
14
Succeeding with Technology
User Interfaces
 Command-based
Interface
Ssh demo?
Succeeding with Technology
 Graphical User
Interface (GUI)
Windows XP
Succeeding with Technology
Succeeding with Technology
www.microsoft.com/windowsvista
Apple OS X
Apple OS X Tiger http://www.apple.com/macosx/
Succeeding with Technology
Linux
Succeeding with Technology
Linux
Succeeding with Technology
Lindows
Succeeding with Technology
Windows XP Tablet PC
Succeeding with Technology
Palm OS
Succeeding with Technology
Windows Pocket PC & Smartphone
Succeeding with Technology
Embeded Operating Systems
http://www.windriver.com/
25
Succeeding with Technology
Utility Programs (the other system software)
 Programs designed to
assist the machine in
running smoothly,
securely, and
efficiently.
 Virus Detection
 Spam and Pop-up
blockers
 Adware & Spyware
protection
 Defragmentation
 Windows Cleaners
 Programs that assist
us in maintaining
and manipulating
system resources.
 File Compression
(WinZip)
 File and Disk
Management & Backup
 CD/DVD Burners
 FTP
 Ws_ftp
26
Succeeding with Technology
Review
The software that controls a computer’s hardware is
called the ___________________.
Through __________________ the operating system
is able to seemingly run several applications at the
same time.
_____________ software includes tools such as
antivirus software, and defragmentation.
Linux is a unique operating system in that it is
distributed as ________________ software.
Succeeding with Technology
3.4
Application Software
Helping people operate
effectively and efficiently
Key Terms
•
•
•
•
Word Processing
Spreadsheet Applications
Presentation Graphics
Database management
Succeeding with Technology
• Personal Information management
• Software Suites
Traditional Productivity Software
 Word Processing: Document production
 Spreadsheet: Numeric analysis software often used
for carrying out “what if” scenarios.
 Database: For managing and querying data records
 Presentation: For developing supportive visual
aides to accompany a presentation.
29
Succeeding with Technology
35
Software Suite
 A software suite
is a collection of
application
software
packages sold
together.
Succeeding with Technology
Personal Information
Management (PIN) Software
 Calendar/Appointments
 To-do List
 Address Book/Contacts
 Information in PIMs
can be shared
between users over a
network.
Succeeding with Technology
Additional Application
Software for Individuals

Audio/Video


Graphics/Image Processing


PIM, Project Management, Inventory Systems, Voice Recognition
Home


Action, Arcade, Casino, Strategy, Simulation, Sports, Board,
Multiplayer
Business


Browsers, Email, Chat, Web Phones, WebCam, Utilities, NetMeeting
Games


Image Editing, Flash Animation, 3d m
Internet/Communication


Media Players, Rippers, Encoders, Music and Video
Recorders/Editors
PIM (Outlook), Food.Bev, Geneology, Hobbies, Health/Nutrition, Home
Inventory
Education
…and many others listed at www.download.com
Succeeding with Technology
3.5
Software Issues and Trends
Key Terms
• Custom Designed Software
• Off-the-Shelf Software
Succeeding with Technology
• Shareware
• Copyright
Custom-designed software
 Custom Designed software, either in-house
developed, or contracted, is software
designed to solve a unique and specific
problem.
 Companies will
sometimes market
their custom
software to others in
the industry
https://renderman.pixar.com/
34
Succeeding with Technology
Off-the-shelf Software
Off-the-shelf software is
mass-produced software
designed for use by the general
public.
35
Succeeding with Technology
Installing Software
 Installed from distribution
disks or downloaded
 Observe system
requirements
 Run the setup program
(setup.exe or .dmg and
.app on Apple)
Succeeding with Technology
Installing Downloaded
Software
 www.download.com
 File Compression
 Self-Installing
 Self-extracting (.exe)
 Manual-extracting (.zip)
www.winzip.com
Succeeding with Technology
Alien Flux 1.3
Downloads:
54
Publisher:
Puppy Games
Date added:
July 7, 2003
File size:
5.79MB; Clock this
download
License:
Free to try; $19.95 to buy
Minimum
requirements:
Windows
95/98/Me/NT/2000/XP
Uninstaller
included?:
Yes
Limitations:
5 levels
Screenshot:
View screenshot
Software Licensing
Shrink-wrap License
A "take it or leave it" approach to
licensing. You open it, you own it.
Electronic Shrinkwrap License
Click Accept or Don’t
Accept
Succeeding with Technology
Software Licensing
Licensed
Single User/Multi-user
Public Domain
Shareware
Marketed under a "try before you buy"
philosophy
Open Source
Uncompiled code available for
programmers to modify at will (Linux)
Succeeding with Technology
Chapter 3 Questions?
Don’t forget to turn
your phone on!!
Succeeding with Technology