Transcript Application Software

Chapter 3
Software Solutions for Personal
and Professional gain
 Software from Conception to
Installation and Beyond
 System Software
 Application Software
 Smart Software: AI
Please discontinue use of cell
phone and turn off ringer
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Trends
 There is a shift from a hardware view of
computing to software & services
"Ten years out, in terms of actual
hardware costs you can almost think of
hardware as being free -- I'm not
saying it will be absolutely free -- but in
terms of the power of the servers, the
power of the network will not be a
limiting factor," Gates said, referring to
networked computers and advances in
the speed of the Internet.
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3.1
Software from Conception
to Installation and Beyond
Key Terms
•
•
•
•
System software
Application software
Programming language
Web service
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•
•
•
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Copyright
Software license
Single-user license
Open-source software
• Creative Commons license
• Shareware
• Software bugs & patches
Recall…2 Types of Software
 System Software
controls the
hardware and runs
the computer
system.
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 Application
Software provides
services for people.
How Software Works
 Software consists of a
number of files at least
one of which is
“executable”.
 Executable File: stores
computer instructions in
binary machine language.
http://www.mozilla.com/firefox/
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Programming Languages
 A programming language is the primary tool of
computer programmers, providing English-like
commands for writing software that is translated into
the detailed step-by-step instructions executed by the
processor.
A Programming Statement in C++
cout << "\nPlease Enter The Password:";
Syntax: a set of rules that describe how
programming statements and commands
should be written.
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Programming Process
Source Code
void main()
{
Password.cpp
char password[200] = "opensaysme";
char input[200];
while(strcmp(password, input)) {
clrscr();
cout << "\nPlease Enter The Password:";
cin >> input;
Compiler
}
}
cout << "\nWelcome, Oh Great One!\n";
exit(1);
Object (Executable) Code
10011011000111010110111
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Password.exe
The Program
Commercial software
You only get the "Executable Code".
It impossible to translate executable
code back to the original "Source
Code".
EXECUTABLE FILE VIEWED WITH MICROSOFT WORD
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Software Copyrights and Licenses
Copyright: defines exclusive rights
legally granted to the owner.
Software License: Defines
permissions, right, and restrictions
provided to the person who
purchases a copy of the software.
 Single User/Multi-user
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Freeware, Open-Source, and
Alternative Licensing
Public Domain
Open Source
Uncompiled code available for
programmers to modify at will (Linux)
Creative Commons License
Allows the creator of the intellectual
property to specify the terms of the
license.
http://creativecommons.org/
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Off-the-shelf Software
 Off-the-shelf software is massproduced software designed for
use by the general public.
 Shareware
Marketed under a "try before
you buy" philosophy
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Custom-designed software
 Custom Designed software, either in-house
developed, or contracted, is software
designed to solve a unique and specific
problem.
 Companies will
sometimes market
their custom
software to others in
the industry
https://renderman.pixar.com/
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1
Installing Software
 Installed from distribution
disks or downloaded
 Observe system
requirements
 Run the setup program
(setup.exe or .dmg and
.app on Apple)
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3
4
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Installing Downloaded
Software
 www.download.com
 File Compression
 Self-Installing
 Self-extracting (.exe)
 Manual-extracting (.zip)
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Alien Flux 1.3
Downloads:
54
Publisher:
Puppy Games
Date added:
July 7, 2003
File size:
5.79MB; Clock this
download
License:
Free to try; $19.95 to buy
Minimum
requirements:
Windows
95/98/Me/NT/2000/XP
Uninstaller
included?:
Yes
Limitations:
5 levels
Screenshot:
View screenshot
3.2
System Software
Helping the machine operate
effectively and efficiently
Key Terms
• Operating system
• Command-based
user interface
• Graphical User Interface
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Boot process
Multitasking
Device driver
Utility programs
• Microsoft Windows
• Mac OS
• Linux
The Operating System
 The software that controls the computer’s
use of its hardware.
 Acts as an interface between application
software and hardware.
Applications
Operating
System
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Operating System Functions
• Manages Processor Resources
• Manages Memory (RAM)
• Manages Storage and I/O
• Manages Peripheral Devices
•Uses device drivers
• Provides a Common User Interface
Multitasking
is the
processors
ability to run
more than
one program
at once.
•Graphical User Interface
• Provides Applications with
Hardware Independence
How is this related to
Microsoft’s
monopoly and many,
many lawsuits?
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Operating System Types
• Single Computer, Single User
• Single Computer, Multiple Users
• Multiple Computers (Network)
• Special Purpose Computers
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User Interfaces
 Command-based
Interface
Ssh demo?
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 Graphical User
Interface (GUI)
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www.microsoft.com/windowsvista
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Apple OS X
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Linux
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Windows Pocket PC & Smartphone
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Utility Programs (the other system software)
 Programs designed to
assist the machine in
running smoothly,
securely, and
efficiently.
 Virus Detection
 Spam and Pop-up
blockers
 Adware & Spyware
protection
 Defragmentation
 Windows Cleaners
 Programs that assist
us in maintaining
and manipulating
system resources.
 File Compression
(WinZip)
 File and Disk
Management & Backup
 CD/DVD Burners
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3.3
Application Software
Helping peaople operate
effectively and efficiently
Key Terms
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Word Processing
Spreadsheet Software
Optimization
Presentation Software
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• Database management
• Personal Information management
• Software Suites
Traditional Productivity Software
 Word Processing: Document
production
 Spreadsheet: Numeric
analysis software often used
for carrying out “what if”
scenarios.
 Database: For managing and
querying data records
 Presentation: For developing
supportive visual aides to
accompany a presentation.
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Software Suite
 A software suite
is a collection of
application
software
packages sold
together.
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Personal Information
Management (PIM) Software
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Calendar/Appointments
To-do List
Address Book/Contacts
Information in PIMs
can be shared
between users over a
network.
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Personal Information
Management (PIM) Software
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Calendar/Appointments
To-do List
Address Book/Contacts
Information in PIMs
can be shared
between users over a
network.
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Additional Application
Software for Individuals

Audio/Video
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Graphics/Image Processing
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PIM, Project Management, Inventory Systems, Voice Recognition
Home
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Action, Arcade, Casino, Strategy, Simulation, Sports, Board,
Multiplayer
Business
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Browsers, Email, Chat, Web Phones, WebCam, Utilities, NetMeeting
Games
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Image Editing, Flash Animation, 3d m
Internet/Communication
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Media Players, Rippers, Encoders, Music and Video
Recorders/Editors
PIM (Outlook), Food.Bev, Geneology, Hobbies, Health/Nutrition, Home
Inventory
Education
…and many others listed at www.download.com
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3.4
Smart Software: AI
Key Terms
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Artificial Intelligence
•
Turing Test
•
Conventional AI
Computational Intelligence •
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Expert System
Neural Network
Fuzzy Logic
Genetic Algorithm
Robotics
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Computer vision
Natural language processing
Speech recognition
Intelligent Agent
Virtual reality
Artificial Intelligence
 AI refers to the science and engineering of
creating computer systems that simulate human
thought and behavior.
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Turing Test
“A human judge engages in a
natural language conversation
with two other parties, one
human, the other a machine; if
the judge cannot reliably tell
which is which, then the
machine is said to pass the
test.”
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Conventional AI
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Expert Systems
Case-based Reasoning
Bayesian Networks
Behavior-based AI
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Automotive Diagnostics
Computational
Intelligence
 Neural Networks
 Fuzzy Systems
 Evolutionary
Computation
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AI Applications
 Robotics
 Computer Vision
 Natural Language
Processing
 Speech Recognition
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Handwriting Recognition
Face Recognition
Intelligent Agents
Artificial Creativity
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Virtual Reality
 Computer-simulated environment that can
be manipulated by the user.
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Chapter 3 Questions?
Don’t forget to turn
your phone on!!
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