Transcript Why Study Computers? - editorial | TechMinded

Chapter 7
Database Systems
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Basic Data Management Concepts
Organizing Data in a Database
Database Management Systems
Using Database Systems in Organizations
Database Trends
Managing Databases
The Value of Databases
 Databases and Database Management Systems
(DBMS) transform large quantities of data into
specific and valuable information for accomplishing
some goal.
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7.1
Basic Data Management
Concepts
Key Terms
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DBMS
Field
Record
File
Primary Key
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Database Management
System (DBMS)
 A DBMS consists of a group of programs
that manipulate the database and provide an
interface between the database and the user
or the database and application programs.
DATABASE
Secure
Access
DBMS
Back End
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Front End
Database
A collection of data organized to meet
user’s needs.
File or Table
Field
(Attribute)
Records
(Entities)
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Database Fields
Fields are set to
hold specific types
of data.
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Database
A Database
is a
collection of
files/tables
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Database Heirarchy
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Keys and Primary Key
Key: A field in a record that is used to
identify the record
Primary key: A field that uniquely
identifies a record
A primary key field prevents duplicate
records from occurring in a table.
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Primary Keys
Which field would act as the best
primary key?
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Primary Keys
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Primary Key
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Simple but Restrictive DBMS
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The Database Approach to
Data Management
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7.2
Organizing Data in a
Database
Key Terms
• Relational Model
• Data Analysis
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The Relational Model
 In a relational database, tables are linked (related)
through common fields.
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Relation Types
 One-to-many
 Most typical
 Makes use of primary key
 One-to-one
 Many-to-many
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Data Analysis
 Data analysis is a process that involves
evaluating data to identify problems with the
content of a database.
Consider what would happen if CardNumber
were not a primary key, and two or more
customers had the same CardNumber.
 Data Integrity refers to the accuracy of the
data in a database.
GIGO, or Garbage In Garbage Out, refers to the
fact that inaccurate data entered in a database will
result in inaccurate information produced from the
database.
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Northwind Database Example
 http://pic.fsu.edu/nwind.mdb
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7.3
Database Management
Systems
Key Terms
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Data Integrity
GIGO
Schema
Data Dictionary
SQL
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Database Types
 Single User vs. Multiuser
 General-Purpose vs. Special-Purpose
 Open-Source
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Creating a Database
 A schema is an outline of the logical and
physical structure of the data and
relationships among the data in the
database.
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Creating a Database
 A data dictionary provides a detailed
description of all data used in the database.
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Database Strengths
 The power of a database and DBMS lies in the
user’s ability to manipulate the data to turn up
useful information.
 Data can be sifted,
sorted and queried
through the use of data
manipulation languages.
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Data Manipulation Language
 A Data Manipulation Language (DML) is a
specific language provided with the DBMS
that allows people and other database users
to access, modify, and make queries about
data contained in the database, and to
generate reports.
 Structured Query Language (SQL): The
most popular DML.
 SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE WHERE JOB_CLASSIFICATION = ‘C2”
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7.4
Using Database Systems
in Organizations
Key Terms
• Data Warehouse
• Data Mining
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Data Stores
 Data Warehouse: A database that holds
important information from a variety of
sources.
 Data Mart: A small data warehouse, often
developed for a specific person or purpose.
 Data Mining: the process of
extracting information from a data
warehouse.
“Connecting the dots”
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Data Stores
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Business Intelligence
 Business
Intelligence is the
use of data mining to
help increase
efficiency, reduce
costs, or increase
profits.
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7.5
Database Trends
Key Terms
• Distributed Database
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Databases and the Internet
The Web is frequently used as the
Front End of DBMS’s.
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Distributed Database
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Other Types of Databases
 Visual, audio, and unstructured database
systems organize non-textual data.
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7.6
Managing Databases
Key Terms
• Database Administrator
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Database Administrator
 A database administrator
(DBA) is a skilled and
trained computer
professionals who directs
all activities related to an
organization’s database,
including providing security
from intruders.
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Chapter 7 Questions?
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