Transcript What is the Internet?

Chapter 3
Software Solutions for Personal
and Professional gain
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Please discontinue use of cell
phone and turn off ringer
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An Overview
Programming Languages
System Software
Application Software
Software Issues and Trends
Trends
 There is a shift from a hardware view of
computing to software & services
"Ten years out, in terms of actual
hardware costs you can almost think of
hardware as being free -- I'm not
saying it will be absolutely free -- but in
terms of the power of the servers, the
power of the network will not be a
limiting factor," Gates said, referring to
networked computers and advances in
the speed of the Internet.
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3.1
An Overview of Software
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Recall…2 Types of Software
 System Software
controls the
hardware and runs
the computer
system.
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 Application
Software provides
services for people.
How Software Works
 Software consists of a
number of files at least
one of which is
“executable”.
 Executable File: stores
computer instructions in
binary machine language.
http://www.mozilla.com/firefox/
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3.2
Programming Languages
How software is created
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Programming Languages
 A programming language is the primary tool of
computer programmers, providing English-like
commands for writing software that is translated into
the detailed step-by-step instructions executed by the
processor.
A Programming Statement in C++
cout << "\nPlease Enter The Password:";
Syntax: a set of rules that describe how
programming statements and commands
should be written.
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Programming Process
Source Code
void main()
{
Password.cpp
char password[200] = "opensaysme";
char input[200];
while(strcmp(password, input)) {
clrscr();
cout << "\nPlease Enter The Password:";
cin >> input;
Compiler
}
}
cout << "\nWelcome, Oh Great One!\n";
exit(1);
Object (Executable) Code
10011011000111010110111
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Password.exe
The Program
Commercial program
You only get the "Executable Code".
It impossible to translate executable
code back to the original "Source
Code".
EXECUTABLE FILE VIEWED WITH MICROSOFT WORD
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Review
1.When a programmer types the commands to
create a program, what type of code is created?
2.When a programmer’s code is compiled, what
kind of code is generated?
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3.3
System Software
Helping the machine operate
effectively and efficiently
Key Terms
• Operating system
• Command-based
user interface
• Graphical User Interface
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•
•
•
Booting
Multitasking
Open-source software
Utility programs
The Operating System
 The software that controls the computer’s
use of its hardware.
 Acts as an interface between application
software and hardware.
Applications
Operating
System
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Operating System Functions
• Manages Processor Resources
• Manages Memory (RAM)
• Manages Storage and I/O
• Manages Peripheral Devices
•Uses device drivers
• Provides a Common User Interface
Multitasking
is the
processors
ability to run
more than
one program
at once.
•Graphical User Interface
• Provides Applications with
Hardware Independance
How is this related to
Microsoft’s
monopoly and many,
many lawsuits?
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Operating System Types
• Desktop & Notebook Operating Systems
• Windows XP, AppleOS X, Linux
• Mobile Operating Systems
• Palm OS, Windows Tablet PC, PocketPC,
Smartphone, Portable Media Center,
Proprietary
• Industrial Strength Operating Systems
• UNIX, Windows 2000, Proprietary
• Embedded Operating Systems
www.microsoft.com/windows - check embedded
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User Interfaces
 Command-based
Interface
Ssh demo?
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 Graphical User
Interface (GUI)
Windows XP
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Apple OS X
Apple OS X Tiger http://www.apple.com/macosx/
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Linux
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Linux
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Palm OS
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Embedded Operating Systems
http://www.windriver.com/
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Utility Programs (the other system software)
 Programs designed to
assist the machine in
running smoothly,
securely, and
efficiently.
 Virus Detection
 Spam and Pop-up
blockers
 Adware & Spyware
protection
 Defragmentation
 Windows Cleaners
 Programs that assist
us in maintaining
and manipulating
system resources.
 File Compression
(WinZip)
 File and Disk
Management & Backup
 CD/DVD Burners
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Review
3. The software that controls a
computer’s hardware is called
the ___________________.
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3.4
Application Software
Helping people operate
effectively and efficiently
Key Terms
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•
•
•
Word Processing
Spreadsheet Applications
Presentation Graphics
Database management
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• Personal Information management
• Software Suites
Traditional Productivity Software
 Word Processing: Document production
 Spreadsheet: Numeric analysis software often used
for carrying out “what if” scenarios.
 Database: For managing and querying data records
 Presentation: For developing supportive visual
aides to accompany a presentation.
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Software Suite
 A software suite
is a collection of
application
software
packages sold
together.
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Additional Application
Software for Individuals

Audio/Video
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Graphics/Image Processing
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PIM, Project Management, Inventory Systems, Voice Recognition
Home
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Action, Arcade, Casino, Strategy, Simulation, Sports, Board,
Multiplayer
Business
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Browsers, Email, Chat, Web Phones, WebCam, Utilities, NetMeeting
Games
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Image Editing, Flash Animation, 3d m
Internet/Communication
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Media Players, Rippers, Encoders, Music and Video
Recorders/Editors
PIM (Outlook), Food.Bev, Geneology, Hobbies, Health/Nutrition, Home
Inventory
Education
…and many others listed at www.download.com
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3.5
Software Issues and Trends
Key Terms
• Custom Designed Software
• Off-the-Shelf Software
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• Shareware
• Copyright
Custom-designed software
 Custom Designed software, either in-house
developed, or contracted, is software
designed to solve a unique and specific
problem.
 Companies will
sometimes market
their custom
software to others in
the industry
https://renderman.pixar.com/
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Off-the-shelf Software
Off-the-shelf software is
mass-produced software
designed for use by the general
public.
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Software Licensing
Shrink-wrap License
A "take it or leave it" approach to
licensing. You open it, you own it.
Electronic Shrinkwrap License
Click Accept or Don’t
Accept
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Software Licensing
Licensed
Single User/Multi-user
Public Domain
Shareware
Marketed under a "try before you buy"
philosophy
Open Source
Uncompiled code available for
programmers to modify at will (Linux)
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Chapter 3 Questions?
Don’t forget to turn
your phone on!!
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The Internet and Web
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Please discontinue use of cell
phone and turn off ringer
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Internet Technology
Internet Communications
Web technology
Web Applications
4.1
Internet Technology
What is the Internet?
Key Terms
• Computer Network
• Internet Backbone
• Internet Service Provider
(ISP)
• Routers
• Dial-up Connection
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• Cable modem
connection
• DSL connection
• DSS connection
• Protocols
• TCP/IP
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•
•
•
IP Address
Client/server
Port
Peer-to-peer (P2P)
What is the Internet?
Visualization of the Internet’s topology from
http://www.cybergeography.org/atlas/topology.html
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A Brief History of the Internet
http://www.zakon.org/robert/internet/timeline/
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Internet Growth
www.internetworldstats.com
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Internet Hardware
 The Internet backbone consists of the
main pathways and connections of the
Internet owned primarily by telecom
companies.
Verizon’s/MCI’s UUNet carries 28% of Internet traffic
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_backbone
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Internet Hardware
 Network Service Providers
 Major telecom
companies that provide
the Internet backbone.
Network Service
Providers
27.9%
Verizon/MCI/UUNET
10.0%
AT&T
6.5%
Sprint
6.3%
Genuity (level 3)
4.1%
PSINet
3.5%
Cable & Wireless
2.8%
XO Communications
2.6%
Verio
1.5%
Qwest
http://navigators.com/isp.html
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Internet Hardware
 Points of Presence (POPs)
 Facilities provided by Network Service Providers
that allow users to connect to the Internet
backbone.
 Internet Service Providers
 Companies that provide users with access to the
Internet.
 Dial-up vs. DSS vs. Cell vs. DSL vs. Cable
Top 22 ISP’s:
http://www.isp-planet.com/research/rankings/usa.html
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Internet Hardware
 Routers: computing
devices that manage
network traffic by
evaluating data packets
and routing them to their
destination.
http://computer.howstuffworks.com/router1.htm
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7’
The Cisco CRS-1 router is
controlled by a unique selfhealing and self-defending
operating system designed for
always-on operation while
scaling system capacity up to 92
Tbps. Routers such as this one
manage traffic on the Internet
Backbone.
Packet Switching
 A packet switching network divides all
network data into small packets for faster,
more efficient delivery.
An email message
Dear Joan,
Hi! How’s it goin’? Just finished midterms, and it looks like I
might graduate this semester after all! :-) My computer
teacher is really great and I guess that I learned more than
I thought in those wonderful lectures that I had previously
written you about….
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Packet Switching
Divided into packets
Dear Joan,
Hi! How’s it goin’? Just finished midterms, and it
looks like I might graduate this semester after all! :-) My
computer teacher is really great and I guess that I
learned more than I thought in those wonderful lectures
that I had previously written you about….
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Packet Switching
Packet headers added
Dear Joan,
Hi! How’s it goin’? Just finished midterms, and it
Message 3761HZA Date May 1
Packet 1 of 3
From [email protected]
To [email protected]
looks like I might graduate this semester
after all! :-) My computer teacher is really
great and I guess that I
Message 3761HZA Date May 1
Packet 2 of 3
From [email protected]
To [email protected]
learned more than I thought in those
wonderful lectures that I had previously
written you about….
Message 3761HZA Date May 1
Packet 3 of 3
From [email protected]
To [email protected]
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Packet Switching
Each packet sent individually over the network
Dear Joan,
Hi! How’s it goin’? Just finished midterms, and it
learned more than I thought in those
wonderful lectures that I had previously
written you about….
looks like I might graduate this semester
after all! :-) My computer teacher is really
great and I guess that I
Demo at http://acns.fsu.edu/~zeisler/usedu.html
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Message 3761HZA Date May 1
Packet 1 of 3
From [email protected]
To [email protected]
Message 3761HZA Date May 1
Packet 3 of 3
From [email protected]
To [email protected]
Message 3761HZA Date May 1
Packet 2 of 3
From [email protected]
To [email protected]
Packet Switched Network
Router
Router
Router
Router
Router
Router
Router
Router
Router
email
Router
Router
Router
Router
email
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Router
Router
Circuit Switched Network
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Packet Switching
 Packet switching is much more efficient
than circuit switching.
Technology: Networking/Telecoms
Wednesday 28 May 2003
Sprint moves to packet-switch network
Sprint is to change its entire circuit-switched telephone network to packet
technology in an attempt to keep up with customer demand for capacity.
Sprint's eight million lines will be moved over to the packet-based asynchronous
transfer mode (ATM) system, allowing voice, video and data to be broken down into
small digital blocks and sent, in effect, simultaneously.This allows the network to be
used more efficiently, and will also allow new multimedia services, Sprint said.
Sprint is the first major telecoms company to move all of its local, tandem and longdistance networks over to packet technology, according to Nortel
Networks spokeswoman Ann Fuller.
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Internet Protocols
 Protocols are rules that govern how data is
transmitted and received.
 They govern all Network and Internet
communications:
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
The Internet
The Web
Email
Instant Messaging
Etc.
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Ports are numeric addresses
assigned to specific network
services, and used in packet
headers to direct data packets to
the appropriate service. See
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_
TCP_and_UDP_port_numbers
Internet Protocols
 TCP/IP
 Transaction Control Protocol (TCP): Divides data into
packets for transmission, and reassembles data from
packets upon delivery.
 Internet Protocol (IP): Controls the delivery of packets
between IP addresses.
 IP Address
 a 32-bit number that identifies each sender or receiver of
information that is sent in packets across the Internet.
 10000000.11111111.10110101.00010111
 128.255.181.29
 www.fsu.edu
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Network Architectures
 Client/Server
 Peer-to-Peer
Original Napster vs. Kazaa
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4.2
Web Technology
What is the Web?
Key Terms
•
•
•
•
•
Hyperlink
HTTP
Web browser
Web server
URL
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• HTML
• XML
• Web authoring
software
• Cookies
• Plug-in
• Content Streaming
The Web
 The World Wide Web is an Internetbased service that provides convenient
access to information through
hyperlinks.
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Web Protocols & Standards
 HTTP: Hypertext Transfer Protocol defines
and controls communication between Web
server and client (Web browser).
 URL: Uniform Resource Locator is the
fancy name for a Web address.
http://www.cs.fsu.edu/~baldauf/presentations/swt/2/index.html
Domain name
http://www.icann.org/
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Web Protocols & Standards
 HTML: Hypertext Markup Language is the
formatting language used to define the
appearance of Web pages.
 Try View Source in IE
 XML: New and popular standard for
describing and classifying data in Web
pages and other Web services.
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Web Protocols & Standards
 Many of today’s
popular applications
store files in XML
format for easy data
sharing.
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Web-Authoring Software
 Web Authoring Software allows you to
create HTML documents using wordprocessor-like software
Macromedia’s
Dreamweaver
software allows
you to design
Webpages and
Websites using a
WYSIWYG
interface.
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Programming the Web
 Cookies are data generated by a Web
server, and stored on your computer.
 Used to target marketing or customize a
webpage when you next visit the server.
Demo
www.amazon.com
IE/Tools/Options/Settings/
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Web Browser Plug-Ins
A plug-in is a program that works with
the browser to offer extended services
–typically the ability to view animations
or video, listen to music, or interact with
the Webpage.
Popular plug-ins include Flash and
Quicktime.
Demos:
http://harrypotter.warnerbros.com
http://getitnow.vzwshop.com/vcast.home.do
http://www.toyota.com/vehicles/2005/prius/int360.html
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Web Browser Plug-Ins
 Content streaming allows media files to play
while they are being delivered by the Web
server.
www.movies.com
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4.3
Internet and Web
Applications
How are they used?
Key Terms
• Search engine
• Web Portal
• Synchronous
communication
• Asynchronous
communication
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•
•
•
•
•
•
E-mail
• Video Conferencing
E-mail attachment
• Telecommuting
Instant messaging (IM)
Chat
SMS Text messaging
Blogs
The Internet & Web
Communications
The Web
E-commerce
Information
Distribution
The Internet
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Web Tools
 Search Engines: Helps us find
information on the Web through
keyword searches of databases
built by spiders or crawlers
(http://a9.com/).
 Subject Directories: A catalog
of sites collected and organized
by people.
 Portals: Web pages that serve as
entry points to the Web.
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Communication and
Collaboration
Effectiveness
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Face to Face
Video + Voice
Voice Only
Text Only
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Communication and
Collaboration
 Synchronous Communication takes place in
real time.
 Phone conversation
 Instant Messaging
 Asynchronous Communication allows
participants to leave messages to be
accessed whenever.
 Voice mail
 Email
 SMS Texting
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3. Phone (voice)
4. Instant messaging/Chat
5. Voice mail
6. Email
7. SMS Texting
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Convenience
Asynchronous
1. Face-to-face
2. Video conferencing
Effectiveness
Synchronous
Communication and
Collaboration
Researchers at
Caltech’s VRVS lab
are able to video
Conference from
36,000 feet above the
Pacific Ocean.
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Communication and
Collaboration
 Text based Communication
 Email
 Attachments
 Instant messaging (IM)
 Chat
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Worlds Chat with avatars in a 3D virtual environmnt
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Communication and
Collaboration
RSS (Really Simple
Syndication) A webcontent distribution
technology
 Blogs (Web logs) are websites created to express
one or more individual’s views on a given topic (ie.
http://www.bloglines.com/topblogs)
 A blog aggregator is software that allows you to subscribe
to numerous blogs (ie.
http://www.bradsoft.com/feeddemon/)
 A Podcast is an audio file that contains a recorded
broadcast distributed over the Internet for use on
PC or Mobile media device.
 Podcast Aggregator: provides access to podcasts that
may be set to automatically download to your PC (iTunes).
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Communication and
Collaboration
 Vlog (Vodcast)
 Video-based blogs (www.vlogdir.com/)
 Consumer Generated Media is the recent
trend of the general public capturing and
reporting the news.
www.current.tv
How does consumer genereated media
compare to main stream media?
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Voice over IP (VoIP)
 Technology that
enables network
managers to route
phone calls over
the same network
they use for data.
Future of Phones: http://newsroom.cisco.com/dlls/video_audio_archive/?all
Also see Video Telephony
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Residential VoIP
• Residential VoIP, Broadband Phone
•
Phone service over a broadband Internet
connection.
http://www.voipchoices.com/vonage.html
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Video Conferencing
 Video conferencing is a technology
that combines video and voice
communications along with document
sharing.
Telecommunications is the
process of working from
locations away from the office
by using telecommunications
technologies.
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News and Information
 On-line news services allow you to drilldown into the story to get background
information and details.
Webcasting uses the Web
to deliver news video
footage.
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Education and Training
 Life-long learning is your future…
NETg Offers…
• 1,850 IT and
desktop e-Learning
courses
• 1,300 business and
professional
development eLearning courses
• 2,000 up to date,
searchable, IT,
Desktop and
Business Books
from Safari
• 250 instructor and
student manuals for
ILT training
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E-commerce
 E-commerce has opened up new
opportunities in buying and selling.
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Travel
 The Web has transformed the travel
industry.
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Employment and Careers
 The Web assists us in researching
career possibilities:
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
Selecting a career
Researching companies
Networking with colleagues
Searching want ads
Creating Resumes & Professional
Websites
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Information
Consumers are increasingly reliant
upon online resources to ease and
inform major life events.
 Research on the Web
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

Subject Directories, and Search Engines
Issues of reliability
Library Web sites
Research Databases
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The Future Internet
 Internet2 is a research and development
consortium led by over 200 U.S.
universities and supported by
partnerships with industry and
government to develop and deploy
advanced network applications and
technologies for tomorrow’s Internet.
 The National LambdaRail (NLR), or
Internet3 is a cross country, high-speed
fiber-optic network dedicated to
researching high-speed networking
applications.
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High-Speed Internet
Applications
 Interactive Collaboration
Long distance collaboration and
education.
www.accessgrid.com/
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Two dancers in different locations
dance together.
High-Speed Internet
Applications
 Real-time access to remote Resources
Scientists can control the astronomical telescopes at Gemini
observatories in Hawaii and Chile from any location on
Internet2.
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High-Speed Internet
Applications
 Large-scale Multisite Computation and
Data Mining
 Shared Virtual Reality
Consider the future of
www.secondlife.com
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Chapter 4 Questions?
4. T or F A Podcast is an audio file that contains a
recorded broadcast distributed over the Internet for use
on PC or Mobile media device.
5. T or F TCP/IP is web protocol.
Don’t forget to turn
your phone on!!
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