Transcript Online Counseling Resource YCMOU ELearning Drive…

Online Counseling Resource
YCMOU ELearning Drive…
School of Architecture, Science and Technology
Yashwantrao Chavan Maharashtra
Open University, Nashik – 422222, India
SEP-S08071-CP1-02
Introduction
Programmes and Courses
SEP –S08071-CP1-UN1
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Credits
 Academic Inputs by
Sonali Alkari
Faculty YCMOU Nagpur Centre,
Faculty LAD college P.G. D of Biotechnology
Research officer Ankur Seeds Pvt Ltd
[email protected]
[email protected]
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School of Science and Technology, Online Counseling Resource…
How to Use This Resource

Counselor at each study center should use this presentation to deliver
lecture of 40-60 minutes during Face-To-Face counseling.

Discussion about students difficulties or tutorial with assignments should
follow the lecture for about 40-60 minutes.

Handouts (with 6 slides on each A4 size page) of this presentation should
be provided to each student.

Each student should discuss on the discussion forum all the terms which
could not be understood. This will improve his writing skills and enhance
knowledge level about topics, which shall be immensely useful for end
exam.

Appear several times, for all the Self-Tests, available for this course.

Student can use handouts for last minutes preparation just before end
exam.
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Learning Objectives
 After studying this module, you should be able to:
 Describe software.
 Discuss computer software.
 Describe different types of computer software.
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Software-1
 Computer software, or just software is a
general term used to describe a collection of
computer
programs,
procedures
and
documentation that perform some tasks on a
computer system.
 The term includes application software such as
word processors which perform productive
tasks for users, system software such as
operating systems, which interface with
hardware to provide the necessary services for
application software, and middleware which
controls and co-ordinates distributed systems.
 Software includes websites, programs, video
games etc. that are coded by programming
languages like C, C++, etc.
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Software-2
 "Software" is sometimes used in a broader
context to mean anything which is not
hardware but which is used with hardware,
such as film, tapes and records
 Computer software is usually regarded as
anything but hardware, meaning that the
"hard" are the parts that are tangible (able to
hold) while the "soft" part is the intangible
objects inside the computer.
 Software encompasses an extremely wide
array of products and technologies developed
using different techniques like programming
languages, scripting languages etc.
 The term "software" was first used in this
sense by John W. Tukey in 1958.
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Computer Software-1
 The types of software include web pages
developed by technologies like HTML, PHP,
Perl, JSP, ASP.NET, XML, and desktop
applications like Microsoft Word, OpenOffice
developed by technologies like C, C++, Java,
C#, etc.
 In
computer
science
and
software
engineering,
computer
software
is
all
computer programs.
 The theory that is the basis for most modern
software was first proposed by Alan Turing in
his 1935 essay Computable numbers with an
application to the Entscheidungs problem.
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Computer Software-2
 Software usually runs on an underlying
operating system (which is a software also) like
Microsoft Windows, Linux (running GNOME and
KDE), Sun Solaris etc.
 Software also includes video games like the
Super Mario, Call of Duty for personal computers
or video game consoles.
 Also a software usually runs on a software
platform like Java and .NET so that for instance,
Microsoft Windows software will not be able to
run on Mac OS because how the software is
written is different between the systems
(platforms).
 These applications can work using software
porting, interpreters or re-writing the source
code for that platform.
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Computer Hardware and Software-1
 Computer software is so called to distinguish
it
from
computer
hardware,
which
encompasses the physical interconnections
and devices required to store and execute (or
run) the software.
 At the lowest level, software consists of a
machine language specific to an individual
processor.
 A machine language consists of groups of
binary values signifying processor instructions
which change the state of the computer from
its preceding state.
 Software
is
an
ordered
sequence
of
instructions for changing the state of the
computer hardware in a particular sequence.
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Computer Hardware and Software-2
 It
is
usually
written
in
high-level
programming languages that are easier and
more efficient for humans to use (closer to
natural language) than machine language.
 High-level
languages
are
compiled
or
interpreted into machine language object
code.
 Software may also be written in an assembly
language,
essentially,
a
mnemonic
representation of a machine language using a
natural language alphabet.
 Assembly language must be assembled into
object code via an assembler.
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Types of Software
 Practical
computer
systems
divide
software systems into three major classes:

System software,
 programming software and
 application software,
 Although the distinction is arbitrary, and
often blurred.
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System Software
System software:
 System software helps run the computer
hardware and computer system.
 It includes operating systems, device drivers,
diagnostic tools, servers, windowing systems,
utilities and more.
 The purpose of systems software is to insulate
the applications programmer as much as
possible from the details of the particular
computer complex being used, especially
memory and other hardware features, and
such as accessory devices as communications,
printers, readers, displays, keyboards, etc.
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Programming Software
Programming software
 Programming software usually provides tools
to assist a programmer in writing computer
programs, and software using different
programming languages in a more convenient
way.
 The tools include text editors, compilers,
interpreters, linkers, debuggers, and so on.
 An Integrated development environment
(IDE) merges those tools into a software
bundle, and a programmer may not need to
type multiple commands for compiling,
interpreting, debugging, tracing, and etc.,
because the IDE usually has an advanced
graphical user interface, or GUI.
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Application Software
Application software:
 Application software
allows end users to
accomplish one or more specific (noncomputer related) tasks.
 Typical
applications
include
industrial
automation, business software, educational
software, medical software, databases, and
computer games.
 Businesses are probably the biggest users of
application software, but almost every field of
human activity now uses some form of
application software.
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Three Layers
 Users often see things differently than
programmers.
 People who use modern general purpose
computers (as opposed to embedded systems,
analog computers, supercomputers, etc.)
 Usually three layers of software performs a
variety of tasks:
 platform,
 Application , and
 user software.
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Platform Software
Platform software:
 Platform includes the firmware, device
drivers, an operating system.
 And
typically a graphical user interface
which, in total, allow a user to interact with
the computer and its peripherals (associated
equipment).
 Platform software often comes bundled with
the computer.
 On a PC you will usually have the ability to
change the platform software.
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Application Software
 Application software or Applications are what most
people think of when they think of software. Typical
examples include office suites and video games.
 Application software is often purchased separately
from computer hardware. Sometimes applications are
bundled with the computer, but that does not change
the fact that they run as independent applications.
 Applications are almost always independent programs
from the operating system, though they are often
tailored for specific platforms. Most users think of
compilers, databases, and other "system software" as
applications.
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User-written Software
 End-user development tailors systems to meet users'
specific needs.
 User software include spreadsheet templates, word
processor macros, scientific simulations, and scripts
for graphics and animations.
 Even email filters are a kind of user software. Users
create this software themselves and often overlook
how important it is.
 Depending on how competently the user-written
software has been integrated into purchased
application packages, many users may not be aware
of the distinction between the purchased packages,
and what has been added by fellow co-workers.
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What You Learn…
 Software is a general term used to describe a
collection of computer programs, procedures
and documentation that perform some tasks
on a computer system.
 Computer software is an ordered sequence of
instructions for changing the state of the
computer hardware in a particular sequence.
 Computer software system consists of three
major
classes
as
System
software,
programming
software
and
application
software.
 System software helps run the computer
hardware and computer system.
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What You Learn…
 Programming software usually provides tools
to assist a programmer in writing computer
programs.
 Application software
allows end users to
accomplish one or more specific (noncomputer related) tasks.
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Critical Thinking Questions
o Describe computer software in
details.
o Discuss computer hardware and
software in details.
o Write a short note on platform
software
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Hints For Critical Thinking Question
1. Describe
computer
software
and
different types of software like system
application, programming software
1. Describe
the
difference
between
computer
hardware
and
computer
software and their applications.
1. Operating system and its application
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Study Tips:1
 Book1
 Title: Security Warrior
 Author: Cyrus Peikari, Anton Chuvakin
 Publisher: O'Reilly Media, Inc.
 Book2
 Title: Fundamentals of computers
 Author: V. Rajaraman
 Publisher: Prentice~Hall of India
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Study Tips:2
 Book3
 Title: Biochemistry
 Author: Lubert stryer
 Publishers: Freeman International
 Book4
 Title: Biochemistry
 Author: Keshav Trehan
 Publishers: Wiley Eastern
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Study Tips
www.en.wikipedia.org
Microsoft Encarta Encyclopedia
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
Wikipedia the free encyclopedia
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End of the Presentation
Thank You
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