Transcript Online Counseling Resource YCMOU ELearning Drive…

Online Counseling Resource
YCMOU ELearning Drive…
School of Architecture, Science and Technology
Yashwantrao Chavan Maharashtra
Open University, Nashik – 422222, India
SEP-S08071-CP1-01
Introduction
Programmes and Courses
SEP-S08071- CP1-UN1
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Credits
 Academic Inputs by
Sonali Alkari
Faculty YCMOU Nagpur Centre,
Faculty LAD college P.G. D of Biotechnology
Research officer Ankur Seeds Pvt Ltd
[email protected]
[email protected]
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How to Use This Resource

Counselor at each study center should use this presentation to deliver
lecture of 40-60 minutes during Face-To-Face counseling.

Discussion about students difficulties or tutorial with assignments should
follow the lecture for about 40-60 minutes.

Handouts (with 6 slides on each A4 size page) of this presentation should
be provided to each student.

Each student should discuss on the discussion forum all the terms which
could not be understood. This will improve his writing skills and enhance
knowledge level about topics, which shall be immensely useful for end
exam.

Appear several times, for all the Self-Tests, available for this course.

Student can use handouts for last minutes preparation just before end
exam.
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Learning Objectives
 After studying this module, you should be able to:
 Describe what is computer
 Describe Architecture of computer
 Describe components of computer
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Computers-1
 Man has invented many electronic devices but the
computer has made a greater impact on society than
any other single device.
 Computer have become indispensable to engineers,
scientists,
business
executives,
managers,
administrators, accountants, teachers and students.
 Computers are electronic devices which can input,
store and manipulate data and output information in
a desired form.
 The present era is called as computer era., therefore
it is necessary to have knowledge on various
computer related aspects like, component or
architecture.
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Computers-2
 The most obvious question you should ask is, What is a
computer? A computer is an electronic device that operates
under the control of a set of instructions that is stored in
its memory unit.
 A computer accepts data from an input device and
processes it into useful information which it displays on its
output device.
 Actually, a computer is a collection of hardware and
software components that help you accomplish many
different tasks.
 Hardware consists of the computer itself, and any
equipment connected to it.
 Software is the set of instructions that the computer
follows in performing a task.
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Architecture of Computers
 The major component of computers are
 Microprocessor
 input
 Output
 Memory
 Removable media devices
 Others
 These component are organized around a
common communication path called as bus.
 The entire group of component is called
system or microcomputer system, while
component are called sub-systems.
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Computer Component
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Microprocessor
 The microprocessor is semiconductor device
consisting
of
electronic
logic
circuits
manufactured by using either large or very
large integration technique.
 The microprocessor is capable of performing
computer functions and making decisions to
change sequence of program execution.
 In large computers, central processing unit
(CPU) performs these computing functions.
 Central processing unit (CPU) - Performs most
of the calculations which enable a computer to
function, sometimes referred to as the "brain"
of the computer.
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Microprocessor
 The microprocessor consists of three units:
arithmetic logic unit (ALU), register unit and
control unit.
Input
Output
System Bus
ROM
R/WM
Memory
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Microprocessor
 Arithmetic Logic Unit: The ALU performs
arithmetic operations such as addition and
subtraction and logic operations. results are
stored either in registers or in memory or sent
to output devices.
 Register unit: this area of microprocessor
consists of various registers. These registers
are used primarily to store data temporarily
during the execution of program.
 Control unit: the control unit provides necessary
timing and control signals to all the operations
in the computer. It controls the flow of data
between the microprocessor and periperals.
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Memory-1
 This is a medium that stores binary
information such as instructions and data and
provides
that
information
to
the
microprocessors whenever necessary.
 To execute programs, the microprocessor
reads instructions and data from memory and
performs the computing operations in its ALU
section.
 The memory block has two section as
 Read only memory and
 Random access memory.
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Memory-2
 Read only memory (ROM):These are random
access memories in which data words are
permanently written during fabrication. It is
used to store programs that do not need
alteration. programs stored in ROM can only
be read, they cannot be altered.
 Random Access Memory (RAM): It is also
known as the physical memory of the
computer. Fast-access memory that is cleared
when the computer is powered-down. RAM
attaches directly to the motherboard, and is
used to store programs that are currently
running.
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Computer Hardware-1
 Hardware is a general term that refers to the
physical artifacts of a technology. It may also
mean the physical components of a computer
system, in the form of computer hardware.
 The
history
of
computer
hardware
encompasses the hardware, its architecture,
and its impact on software.
 The elements of computing hardware have
undergone significant improvement over their
history.
 This improvement has triggered worldwide
use of the technology, performance has
improved and the price has declined.
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Computer Hardware-2
 The term computer hardware refers to the physical
components of a computer,namely Keyboard,
Monitor, Mouse, and Printer, including the digital
circuitry.
 Computer hardware is an integral part embedded in
all modern day automobiles,microwave ovens,
electrocardiograph machines, compact disc players,
and other devices.
 The hardware of a computer is not changed
frequently, in contrast with software and data.
 The present computers are much advanced in
terms of processing speed and have an efficient
memory structure.
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Input Devices-1
 Input devices : it is a device that transfers
information from outside world to the computer.
It include Text, pointing, gaming, image and
video input devices
 Text Input device
 Keyboard - a device to input text and
characters by depressing buttons (referred
to as keys), similar to a typewriter. The
most common English-language key layout
is the QWERTY layout.
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Input Devices-2
 Pointing devices
 Mouse - a pointing device that detects two
dimensional
motion
relative
to
its
supporting surface.
 Trackball - a pointing device consisting of
an exposed protruding ball housed in a
socket that detects rotation about two
axes.
 Xbox 360 Controller - A controller used for
Xbox 360, which can be used as an
additional pointing device with the left or
right thumbstick with the use of the
application Switchblade(tm).
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Input Devices-3
 Gaming devices
 Joystick - a general control device that
consists of a handheld stick that pivots
around one end, to detect angles in two or
three dimensions.
 Gamepad - a general handheld game
controller
that
relies
on
the
digits
(especially thumbs) to provide input.
 Game controller - a specific type of
controller specialized for certain gaming
purposes.
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Input Devices-4
 Image, Video input devices
 Image scanner - a device that provides
input by analyzing images, printed text,
handwriting, or an object.
 Webcam - a low resolution video camera
used to provide visual input that can be
easily transferred over the internet.
 Audio input devices
 Microphone - an acoustic sensor that provides
input by converting sound into electrical
signals
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Output Devices
 The output section transfers information from
the computer to outside world and the devices
that are used for display of results are known
as output devices.
 Image, Video output devices
 Printer
 Monitor
 Audio output devices
 Speakers
 Headset
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Removable Media Devices-1
 CD (compact disc) - the most common type of
removable media, inexpensive but has a short
life-span.
 CD-ROM Drive - a device used for reading data from a
CD.
 CD Writer- a device used for both reading and writing
data to and from a CD.
 Blu-ray - a high-density optical disc format for
the storage of digital information, including
high-definition video.
 BD-ROM Drive - a device used for reading data from a
Blu-ray disc.
 BD Writer - a device used for both reading and writing
data to and from a Blu-ray disc.
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Removable Media Devices-2
 DVD (digital versatile disc) - a popular type of
removable media that is the same dimensions
as a CD but stores up to 6 times as much
information. It is the most common way of
transferring digital video.
 DVD-ROM Drive - a device used for reading
data from a DVD.
 DVD Writer - a device used for both reading
and writing data to and from a DVD.
 DVD-RAM Drive - a device used for rapid
writing and reading of data from a special
type of DVD.
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Removable Media Devices-3
 HD DVD - a high-density optical disc format and
successor to the standard DVD. It was a discontinued
competitor to the Blu-ray format.
 Floppy disk - an outdated storage device consisting of
a thin disk of a flexible magnetic storage medium.
 Zip drive - an outdated medium-capacity removable
disk storage system, first introduced by Iomega in
1994.
 USB flash drive - a flash memory data storage device
integrated with a USB interface, typically small,
lightweight, removable, and rewritable.
 Tape drive - a device that reads and writes data on a
magnetic tape,used for long term storage
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Others-1
 Motherboard - It is the "body" or mainframe of
the
computer,
through
which
all
other
components interface.
 Computer fan -Used to lower the temperature of
the computer; a fan is almost always attached to
the CPU, and the computer case will generally
have several fans to maintain a constant airflow.
Liquid cooling can also be used to cool a
computer.
 Firmware is loaded from the Read only memory
ROM run from the Basic Input-Output System
(BIOS) or in newer systems Extensible
Firmware Interface (EFI) compliant.
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Others-2
 Internal Buses - Connections to various internal
components.
 PCI (being phased out for graphic cards but
still used for other uses)
 PCI-E
 ISA (obsolete in PCs, but still used in
industrial computers)
 USB
 HyperTransport
 CSI (expected in 2008)
 AGP (being phased out)
 VLB (outdated)
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Others-3
 External Bus Controllers - used to connect to external
peripherals, such as printers and input devices. These
ports may also be based upon expansion cards, attached
to the internal buses.
 Power supply: A case control, a cooling fan, and supplies
power to run the rest of the computer, the most common
types of power supplies are AT and BabyAT but the
standard for PCs actually are ATX and Micro ATX.
 Video display controller:Produces the output for the visual
display unit. This will either be built into the motherboard
or attached in its own separate slot (PCI, PCI-E, PCI-E 2.0,
or AGP), in the form of a Graphics Card.
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Computer Component
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Others-4
 Storage controllers: Controllers for hard disk,
CD-ROM internal Zip and Jaz conventionally for a
PC are IDE/ATA.
 The
controllers
sit
directly
on
the
motherboard or on expansion cards, such as a
Disk array controller.
 IDE is usually integrated, unlike SCSI Small
Computer System Interface which can be
found in some servers.
 The floppy drive interface is a legacy MFM
interface which is
disappearing. All these
interfaces are gradually being phased out to
be replaced by SATA and SAS.
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Others-5
 Internal storage: Hardware that keeps data
inside the computer for later use and remains
persistent even when the computer has no
power.
 Hard disk - for medium-term storage of
data.
 Solid-state drive - a device similar to hard
disk, but containing no moving parts.
 Disk array controller - a device to manage
several
hard
disks,
to
achieve
performance or reliability improvement.
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Others-6
 Sound card: Enables the computer to output
sound to audio devices, as well as accept
input from a microphone.
 Most modern computers have sound cards
built-in to the motherboard, though it is
common for a user to install a separate sound
card as an upgrade.
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What You Learn-1…
 Computers are electronic devices which can
input, store and manipulate data and output
information in a desired form.
 The major component of computers are
Microprocessor,
input, Output, Memory
Removable media devices and Others.
 The microprocessor is capable of performing
computer functions and making decisions to
change sequence of program execution.
 The microprocessor consists of three units:
arithmetic logic unit (ALU), register unit and
control unit.
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What You Learn-2…
 Memory is a medium that stores binary information
such as instructions and data and provides that
information to the microprocessors whenever
necessary.
 ROM are random access memories in which data
words are permanently written during fabrication.
 RAM is also known as the physical memory of the
computer. Fast-access memory that is cleared when
the computer is powered-down.
 Input devices : it is a device that transfers
information from outside world to the computer.
 The output section transfers information from the
computer to outside world
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Critical Thinking Questions
o Describe in details architecture of
computer .
o Describe removable media device in
details.
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Hints For Critical Thinking Question
o Components of computers
o The
devices
which
can
be
removed
and
installed
when
needed are removable device and
give examples like CD, DVD etc
in details
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Study Tips:1
 Book1
 Title: Security Warrior
 Author: Cyrus Peikari, Anton Chuvakin
 Publisher: O'Reilly Media, Inc.
 Book2
 Title: Fundamentals of computers
 Author: V. Rajaraman
 Publisher: Prentice~Hall of India
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Study Tips:2
 Book3
 Title: Fundamental of computers Hardware
 Author: M.S.Bhatia
 Publishers: Khanna book publishing
 Book4
 Title: Bioinformatics
 Author: C.V.Murthy.
 Publishers: Himalaya PublishingHouse, India
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Study Tips
www.en.wikipedia.org
Microsoft Encarta Encyclopedia
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
Wikipedia the free encyclopedia
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End of the Presentation
Thank You
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