Transcript power+point+together+charolett+giahna+shirley+jess_s.nd glori

Chapter 9 section 2
The Holy Roman
Emperor
Otto I
• helped the pope defeat the roman nobles
• He appointed bishops to top government jobs
• German emperors’ problems involved with the conflicts
with other Popes over the appointment of church officials
• In 962 he was appointed Holy Roman Emperor by Pope
Gregory
Conflict between Popes and Emperors
•Pope Gregory VII was determined to make the church independent of
secular rulers
• He banned the practice of lay investiture
•It made Emperor Henry IV angry from his ban
•Henry was excommunicated in 1076
•They faced revolts , and were forced to make peace with the pope
Concordat of Worms
•The investiture conflict was ended by the concordat of worms
•In it, they agreed the church had sole power to elect and invest our
bishops with spiritual authority
The struggle for Italy
Frederick Barbarbossa
•Emperor called Barbarbossa or “Red Beard”
•He fought to bring many cities under his control in Italy
•He even arranged a marriage between his son and the heiress to Sicily and
southern Italy
•Thus more German emperors are in Italian affairs
Fredrick II
•Child of Henry and Constance, raised in Italy
•Arrogant leader
•Pursued his dreams in Italy; however he failed to conquer cities in Italy effects of
German and Italy
•German nobles in turn grew more independent
Chapter 9 Sec. 3
Charlotte Oglesby
Period 4
The Crusades (The causes)
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When the Byzantine Emperor Alexius 1 asked
pope urban the second for Christian knights to
help him fight.
Also was the council of Clermont in 1905,urban
figured out bishops, nobles to action.
Last but not least when they had violence
invading their land and settling fires they went
mad.
(The Effects)
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They left a bad legacy of religious things
behind them, and they used their religious
fury against the Jews and it was bad in the
entire community.
They also lost the holy land but they had
good effects on life in Europe.
(The Schisms)
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The pope had mixed motives and he would
hope to increase his power in Europe.
He also wanted to heal the schisms
between Roman and Byzantines churches,
he hoped that the crusades would set
knights to fight Muslims instead of each
other.
Economic expansion
(Trade)
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They introduced fabrics, spices, and
perfumes from the Middle East to Europe.
They built large fleets to carry crusades to
the holy lands, and later they used the fleet
to carry on trade with the Middle East.
they had sugar, cotton, and rice and they
borrowed it from Arabic and it showed good
trade.
The Money Economy
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They allowed peasants to pay rents in
money rather than pay in grains or labor
That was to help the nobles who needed
money more than others.
The Effects
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The monarchs were the crusades help to
increase the power of feudal monarchs.
The rulers had new rights to collect taxes
in order to help the crusades; the also
included the French King added greatly to
their prestige.
(The Church)
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The crusades brought papal power to its
greatest height, the period then enhanced
prestige and were short lived however.
The popes was also involved in bitter
clashes with feudal monarchs, they didn’t
end the split between the Roman and
Byzantines churches.
The Reconquista in Spain
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Ferdinand and Isabella got married in 1469, and
they tried to impose unity on their people and they
joined forces with townspeople.
And Isabella brought religious as well as political
unity to Spain.
Then the religious toleration was a policy of
allowing people to worship as they choose.
Christians and Jews and Muslims lived a relative
and peaceful life.
Section 4
Learning, Literature,
and the Arts Expert
Medieval Universities
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People where in need of a
better education, so
schools were built around
the great cathedrals.
These schools evolved
into the first universities
in Salerno and
Bolognain, Italy. Then
Paris and Oxford came
next
Universities held very
few comforts for students
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Classes where held in
rented rooms or in choir
lofts of churches
Women weren’t allowed
in universities.
Many women of this time
were not well educated,
the exception was
Christine de Pizan.
She earned a living as a
writer.
“New” Learning
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Muslim scholars translated the
works of Aristotle and other
Greek thinkers and they set off
the revolution of learning.
Philosophy posed a challenge for
Christian scholars, they
wondered how they could fit the
logic of Aristotle into their
beliefs.
They used Scholasticism to do
so.
A scholastic, Thomas Aquinas
believed that faith and reason
lived in harmony
Medieval Literature
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People wrote in
vernacular languages,
everyday languages
An epic is a long
narrative poem, there are
many famous ones such
as the Song of Roland
and the Poem of the Cid
Other famous works are
Dante’s Divine Comedy
and Chaucer’s
Canterbury Tales
Architecture and Art
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Builders built churches with no windows, in
fear of the roof falling in.
Soon they started to build Gothic Grace style of
churches, these were beautiful types of
churches.
They then began to build sculptures and
stained glass windows to decorate the Gothic
Grace Churches.
In the 1300’s and 1400’s people began to apply
the Gothic style and illumination to paintings
and books
Section 5
The Time of Crisis
The Black Death
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The Black Death began in the autumn of 1347. Trade ships packed
with grain left the Black Sea port and set sail. During their journey
sailors started dying off and getting sickly ill. When the ship hit
Messina the townspeople also started catching it.
Within months, it was uncontrollably spreading all through Italy. Crops
failed, famine began then soon came starvation.
In the early 1300s, the plague spread and killed about 35 million
people there. The disease moved from Asia to the Middle East. When
the plague reached it highest point in Cairo it killed about 7,000
people a day.
Filled with fear of the epidemic, these limitations ignited fiery revolts.
The plague had spread both death and social disorder. Western Europe
wouldn’t completely pull through from its effects for more than 100 yrs.
Upheaval in the Church
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The late Middle Ages brang spiritual
catastrophe, scandal, and separation to the
Roman Catholic Church. Many priests and
monks passed during the plague.
The Church wasn’t able to offer the well-built
control needed in this time. In 1309, Pope
Clement V had moved the papal court to
Avignon on the border of southern France,
which stayed there for about 70 years under
French command and this period is referred
to as the Babylonian Captivity of the Church.
Not till 1417 did a Church council at
Constance end the disaster.
In England, John Wycliffe, went after the
corruption of the Church. He believed the
Bible not the church, was the foundation of all
the Christian truth. Later he was prosecuted
along with Jan Hus in 1415.
Hundred Years’ War
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Overtopping famine, epidemic and economic
decrease came a lengthy, destructive war.
Between 1337 and 1453, England and
France battled a chain of conflicts, known as
the Hundred Years’ War.
Once the warfare began economic rivalry and
a growing sense of pride made it difficult for
either side to surrender. In the beginning the
English won a series of victories. They owed
their achievements to the longbow made by
English archers.
Joan of Arc led Charles VII army against the
English. She led them to numerous wins and
laid down the path for future victories. Soon
later she was burned at the stake for said to
have something to do with witchcraft.
The war set France and England on different
paths. Feudal society was shifting.
Looking Ahead
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In the 1400s, seeing the Europe improved from the Black Death, other
adjustments took place. The population increased and production
grew. Which later on led to inclined trade.
The mending of the late middle Ages placed the stage for additional
changes throughout the Renaissance, Reformation, and Age of
Exploration.
It would take a more major role on the global stage.
The End
By: Giahna Heller, Glorinett
Calderon, Shirley Wright,
Jess Schaffer, Charlotte
Oglesby