Transcript File notes1newx

Computer History &
How Computer Works
Notes 1
By Ms. Pryor
Computer History
• The first computer, called UNIVAC, was
developed in 1951
• Microsoft Windows was developed in 1985
• The founder of Microsoft is Bill Gates
• The original name of the Internet was called
ARAPNET
• The World Wide Web (WWW) was developed in
1991
• The founder of Apple (MAC) is Steve Jobs
• Google Docs introduced in Feb 2007
What’s Inside the Computer?
What is the Motherboard?
The primary circuit board in a
computer to which all devices
are connected and through
which all data passes
What is the Central Processing
Unit (CPU)?
The main processing device
Two Types of Memory
1. Random-Access Memory (RAM)
= Temporary
2. Read-Only Memory (ROM) =
Permanent
Hardware vs. Software
Hardware – wire, transistors, circuits
and peripherals; the physical parts of the
computers
Software – instructions or programs that
control the computer
What is the operating system?
Tells the computer HOW to
do its work.
Four Basic
Functions of
Computer
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Input
Processing
Output
Storage
Input
Devices
Keyboard
Mouse
Microphone
Web cam
Digital
Camera
• Scanner
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Output
Devices
Monitor
Speakers
Printer
Headphones
LCD Projector
Portable Media
Players (i.e.,
IPODs, MP3)
• Fax machine
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Storage
Devices
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USB Flash Drive
CDs
Hard Drives
Floppy Disks
Two Types of Compact Discs
1. CD-R = Compact Disc Read-Only
(permanent)
2. CD-RW = Compact Disc
Read/Write (read/write & update)
Computer only
understand 0 and 1
Storage Device Capacity
• Kilobyte (KB) – thousand of bytes (1,000)
• Megabyte (MB) – million of bytes
(1,000,000)
• Gigabyte (GB) – billion of bytes
(1,000,000,000)
• Terabyte (TB) – trillion of bytes
(1,000,000,000,000)
What is multitasking?
Working with more than one
computer applications at the
same time
What is a window?
A rectangular, on-screen
frame used to view a
program or document
What is a ribbon?
The area of a Microsoft
Office screen that
contains tabs and
groups of commands
What is a Troubleshooter?
A person who finds and
fixes problems in
machinery; technical
equipment
What is a File Extension?
The suffix at the end of
the filename indicating
the type of file document
it was created in
COMMON FILE EXTENSIONS
MS Word (word processor)
MS Excel (spreadsheet)
MS Publisher (templates)
.docx
.xlsx
.pub
MS Access (database)
MS PowerPoint (presentations)
Joint Photographic Expert Group
(pictures or graphics)
.accdb
.pptx
.jpg or .jpeg
Audio files
.wma or .avi
.mp3
MS Word (word processor)
To create business
letters & research papers
MS Excel (spreadsheets)
To do basic math and
create charts; organize &
calculate numbers
MS Publisher (templates)
To create professional
documents such as
newsletters, brochures,
etc.
MS Access (databases)
To store & sort
information; organize
files; record keeping
MS PowerPoint (presentations)
To create slide shows