Transcript Slide 1
Generations of Computers Any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic. Arthur C. Clarke Charles Babbage 1822 - The Difference Engine Babbage invented a mechanical "difference engine" for the calculation of arithmetical functions and set out plans for an "analytical engine" whose operation would have included logarithmic and trigonometric functions as well. 1991 Reproduction of the Difference Engine Mark 1 - 1944 Mark I The Mark 1 is seen as the first full-sized digital computer. It weighed 5 tons, had 500 miles of wiring, was used only for numeric calculations, and took three seconds to carry out one multiplication computation. 1st Generation of Computers Vacuum Tubes ENIAC 1945 ENIAC could add, subtract, multiply, divide, and extract square roots. ENIAC stored a maximum of twenty 10-digit decimal numbers. Its accumulators combined the functions of an adding machine and storage unit. It contained 20,000 vacuum tubes. IBM SSEC 1947 UNIVAC •1951 A Later modification of the UNIVAC was the first computer to make use of transistors instead of vacuum tubes. IBM 702 1955 From Vacuum Tubes to Transistors • 1959-1964 2nd Generation of Computers IBM 1401 3rd Generation of Computers 1964-1975 Integrated Circuits Digital PDP Programmed Data Processor Circuitry encased in chips Computers produce less heat and run many programs with a central program to coordinate the computer’s memory and components. • 1969: 1969 The US Department of Defense commissions Arpanet for research networking, and the first four nodes come operations al UCLA, UC Santa Barbara, SRI, and the University of Utah. Arpanet laid the foundation for the Internet. Moore’s Law Cost of 1 MHz of Processing Power 1970 – $7,601.00 1999 - $ .17 Cost of 1 mb Storage 1970 – 5.257.00 1999 - $ .17 Cost of sending 1 trillion bits 1970 - $150,00.00 Gordon Moore 1999 - $ .12 1971 – The First Microprocessor • Intel 4004 dubbed “a computer on a chip” 1972 - Pong 1973 - Large scale integration 10,000 components are placed on a 1cm2 chip The 1975 Altair (kit) used large scale integration 4th Generation of Computers Mid – 1970’s – Current Large-Scale Integration 1976 CRAY I 1977 – Apple II 1977 – Tandy Commodore Radio Shack TRS - 80 Microsoft - 1977 1977 – Cellphones 1981 - IBM PC The first open architecture computer goes mainstream 1984 – Apple MacIntosh 1984 – CD ROM 1985- Intel 386 1985 – Windows 1.0 1989 – Intel 486 1.2 Million Transistors 1989 Tim Berners-Lee World Wide Web URL HTML HTTP:// 1993 – Intel Pentium • 3.5 million transistors 1994 Marc Andreeson • Netscape 1995 – Windows 95 1995 – Amazon.com First large internet site for commerce 1996 – Windows CE 1997 – IBM’s “Big Blue” beat world chess champion Garry Kasparov in only 62 minutes. 1997 Intel Pentium II 233 MHz 1999 – Intel Pentium III 500 MHz Pentium IV Today's microprocessors contain tens of millions of microscopic transistors. Fifth Generation Voice Recognition Artificial Intelligence