Transcript SheriPrice
Understanding Career Choice: A Turn to Narrative Sheri Price RN (PhD Candidate) Dr. Linda McGillis Hall (PhD Supervisor) Dr. Jan Angus (Committee Member) Dr. Elizabeth Peter (Committee Member) Introduction Why Study Career Choice? Why Now? Background • Nursing Shortage • Shortfall of 100, 000 Nurses (31%) by 2016 (CNA, 2008) • Recruitment & Retention • Growing Attrition Rates; Reality & Transition Shock • Millennial Generation (Born 1980-2000) • Emerging professional group; • Distinct Socialization Experiences, Parenting; Job Expectations • Experiential Knowledge • Nurse; Educator; Mentor • Recruitment Committees Literature Review Nursing • Synthesis of Career Choice & Prof. Socialization • Meta-Study of Career Choice in Nursing (Price, 2009) Organizational Psychology • Review of Career Choice Theory (Price, 2008) Synthesis • Nursing Literature • Broad Search terms: • Career/Occupational/Vocational Choice • Nurse/Nurses/Nursing • Professional Socialization/Socialization • 1990 – Present • 48 Studies – 23 Qualitative; 25 Quantitative & Mixed • 4 Themes Themes • Idealized and Traditional Views Caring; Compassionate; Nurturing Altruistic Decision • Career Choices Influences: Self and Others Self Concept; Prof. Orientation Parents; Peers, Role Models • Gender, Race and Cultural Considerations Gender Roles; Diversity; Social Class; Cultural Expectations • Socialization & Shock Incongruence with Expectations; Dissonance; Distress; Attrition Career Choice Theory Developmental • Early childhood experiences; family interactions; lifelong socialization experiences; values; gender & class (Ginztberg et al, 1951; Roe, 1956; Gottfredson, 1981, 1996) Person-environment Fit • Interplay between personality and environment; values, attitudes, skills and abilities (Holland, 1959; Strong, 1927) Social-cognitive • Self-efficacy; interplay of individual, social and environmental influences (Betz et al., 1996; Lent et al., 1994) Literature Review: Summary Career Choice is … • A dynamic processing of life-long influences and experiences • Influenced by a variety of individual, developmental, social and environmental variables • Links to professional socialization; transition; retention Literature Review: Gaps • Contextual understanding of career choice • Unique phenomenology of individual experience • Experiences of the emerging Millennial generation: • Influences on career choice • Process of career choice • Consideration for the challenges, complexities and uncertainties of modern society and workplaces My Story How did I come to choose Nursing as a Career? Why did I become a Nurse? What were the influences on my decision? Narrative Theory "...the self does not know itself immediately, but only indirectly by the detour of the cultural signs of all sorts…. and, among them, the narratives of everyday life." Paul Ricoeur (1991, p.80) Narrative as a Theoretical Approach • Explore human experiences • Gives meaning to experience • Means to understanding past life events • Draws actions & events into unified, meaningful whole Narrative Methodology "...the self does not know itself immediately, but only indirectly by the detour of the cultural signs of all sorts…. and, among them, the narratives of everyday life." Paul Ricoeur (1991, p.80) Interpretive Narrative (Polkinghorne, 1997; Beiter, 2007) • Focus on Narrative Configuration & Emplotment • 3 stages: Pre-narrative; Emplotment; Reconfiguration • Interpretation • Temporality • Attention to language & personal, social, cultural contexts PhD Research Purpose To understand the experience of choosing Nursing as a career among individuals of the Millennial generation. Research Questions • How do participants explain, account for, and make sense of their choice of nursing as a career ? • How do participants describe personal, social, and organizational influences within their career choice narratives ? • How do these narratives reflect an understanding, or create images of, nursing as a career; as a profession? Methodology & Methods Methodology: • Interpretive; Narrative (Polkinghorne, 1997; Beiter, 2007) Sample: • 10-16 Millennial BScN Students; Pre-entry • Nursing is preferred Career Choice Setting: • Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS Methods: • Repeat Interviews; Participant Journals • Narrative Analysis; Emplotment Significance • Insight into early influences on career choice for the Millennial generation. • Provide an understanding of the career choice process. • Provide insight into Millennial generation’s perceptions of nursing & career expectations. • May inform recruitment, education, socialization and retention initiatives Funding Acknowledgements • Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing • Canadian Nurses Foundation • Ontario Graduate Scholarship • Nova Scotia Health Research Foundation • Canadian Institutes of Health Research (IHSPR) Questions ? Contact Information: Sheri Price Doctoral Student Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing University of Toronto [email protected] 902-489-8809 Thank You