Transcript The key source categories of HM pollution

Reporting and use of air pollutant
emission data under the ECE
CONVENTION ON LONG-RANGE
TRANBOUNDARY AIR POLLUTION
Krzysztof Olendrzynski
ECE/Air Secretariat
16th session of the Working Group on Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,
Istanbul, Turkey, 16-17 April 2015
Outline

Emission reporting obligations; Guidelines for reporting
emission and projections data; key air pollutants

Methodology for emission estimations – EMEP/EEA air
pollutant emission inventory guidebook 2013

Strengths and challenges

Use of emission data within and outside the Convention
1. Emission reporting obligations Guidelines for reporting emission and
projections data
 art. 8 (a) of the Convention
 Provisions on reporting of emissions in the Protocols to the
Convention, notably: 1999/2012 Gothenburg, 1998/2012 Heavy
Metals and 1998/2009 Persistent Organic Pollutants
 Decision 2013/4 of the Executive Body on reporting of emissions
and projections data under the Convention and its protocols in
force
 updated Guidelines for reporting (ECE/EB.AIR/125) – in force as
of 1 January 2015; what, when, how often and how and to report
1. Emission reporting – what to report?
A1. Emissions of pollutants into the atmospheric air
a) emissions from stationary sources (point and fugitive
sources)
b) emissions from mobile sources (incl. non-road mobile
machinery)
c) total emissions
Main pollutants (minimum reporting?):
 SO2, NOx, NMVOCs, NH3, PM2.5, PM10
 POPs: PCBs, PCDD/F and PAHs
 Heavy Metals: Pb, Cd and Hg
2. Methodology for emission estimations –
EMEP/EEA air pollutant emission inventory
guidebook — 2013
 Joint work of EMEP/CLRTAP and EEA
 Web based “living” document available in EN and RU languages
 http://www.eea.europa.eu//publications/emep-eea-guidebook2013
 Regular updates and extensions (approved by the Exec. Body)
 Continuous alignment with IPCC/UNFCCC and EU legislation
 Key role of the Task Force on Emission Inventories and Projections,
and the Centre on Emission Inventories and Projections; both
supervised by the Steering Body to EMEP
Status of reporting as of 13 Mar2015



35 countries (29 on time), 9 resubmissions, 34 PM, 24 BC
1 gridded data in new/high resolution (Switzerland)
improved reporting by Armenia, Azerbaijan, Moldova and
Ukraine
Official Hg emission gridded data and
expert estimates (51 countries)
1990
2011
Spatial distribution of mercury emissions for EMEP region, 50x50 km2
Emissions from large point sources
Emission height, m
1500
Estimates of effective
emissions height (Brigg’s
approach)
Prunéřov II Power Plant
1200
900
h
600
300
Stack height - 300 m
Required parameters:
 Stack height
 Stack diameter
 Gas outflow velocity
 Gas temperature
Dec
Nov
Oct
Sep
Aug
Jul
Jun
May
Apr
Mar
Feb
Jan
0
3. Strengths and challenges of emissions
reporting
Strengths:




Obligatory reporting by Parties to the Convention
Long time series of reported emissions (1980, 1990-2013)
Gridded sectoral emissions, emissions from large point sources
Comprehensive review system
Challenges:




Quality and consistency esp. in case of recalculations
No or limited chemical speciation of VOC, PCDD/F, Hg emissions
No temporal variation (needed for modelling)
No data on releases to other environmental media (soil, fresh and
sea water; for modelling)
4. Use of the emission data

Emission trends and changes; sector analysis and policy
recommendations; air pollution fate in the atmosphere: concentration
and deposition patterns, country to country exchanges

As input to effects estimates and development of cost-effective emission
scenarios

2016 Assessment Report (to be presented at 8th EfE Conference in 2016)

Input to various national, sub-regional, regional and global assessments
e.g. SoE, HELCOM - N, AMAP/Stockholm Convention - POPs,
UNEP/Minamata Convention - Hg assessments, GEO-6? UNEA-1? …
Changes in key source categories
Prevailing sectors of lead, cadmium and mercury deposition in 2010
Lead
Other
Cadmium
1A2
1A4
1A1a
Other
Mercury
1A4
1A1a
1A4
2C
2C
Other
1A1a
1A2
2C
1A2
The key source categories of HM pollution:
•
Combustion in industry (1A2)
•
Non-industrial combustion (1A4)
•
Metal production (2C)
•
Public electricity and heat production (1A1a)
Cooperation between EMEP and other
international bodies in emission data
preparation
Global Hg emissions inventory, AMAP/UNEP, 2013
0
0.1
0.3
1
3
10
30 100 g/km2/y
Thank you for your attention!
Krzysztof Olendrzynski
[email protected]
+41 22 91 72 722