Transcript Gupta Empire - Greene Central School District

Gupta Empire
ACHIEVEMENTS : Golden Age of India –
set up strong central government, trade and
farming
Mathematics: system of numerals, concept of zero,
decimal system
Medicine: treated illnesses and injuries with herbs
and remedies, set broken bones, performed
surgeries, and vaccinations
Tang Dynasty
GOLDEN AGE of CHINA
Land reform: gave land to the peasants
Canals: helped in transportation of goods and people
=> increased trade
Cultural Diffusion with Japanese: scholars and
merchants brought writing and Buddhism to Japan
Civil Service: adopted Confucianism – people
received jobs based on merit
Scholar Officials: intelligent officials made good,
solid decisions benefitting the people
Downfall: gov’t corruption, high taxes, drought and
famine and rebellion
Song Dynasty
Achievements: moveable type inc. printing &
amount of books inc.
Magnetic compass: helped in navigation &
exploration – overseas trade & colonization
Scholar officials: educated gov’t officials were
held in very high regard
Footbinding: women were crippled purposely
= status symbol
Footbinding
Byzantine Empire
Autocratic government
• Justinian- Justinian’s Code
– Refomred laws based on Roman Laws
• Constantinople- Capital- was on a
peninsula overlooking the Bosporus
strait connecting the Black Sea to the
Mediterranean Sea)
• Influenced by Greco Romans- taught
the “classics”
The Great Schism
Roman Catholic
-Priests can’t marry
-Language=Latin
-no use of iconsHoly images
-Pope head of church
Orthodox Christian
Church
- Priests can marry
- Language is Greek
- mosaics
Impact- Cultural Diffusion
• Trade linked Russia and Eastern Europe
-Cyrillic Alphabet
-adopted religious themed art, music and
architecture (Byzantine Domes
transformed into onion domes of Russia
-Orthodox Christianity
ISLAM
• SPLIT- Who should succeed Muhammad
• Sunnis- Don’t need to be a direct relative
of Muhammad
• Shiites- Need to be a direct relative of
Muhammad
• Spread through trade and conquest
• Islamic Law- based on the Koran and
Shariah (controlled everyday life)
Social Status
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WOMEN
“Righteous women are obedient”
However, men and women are equal
Shariah gave women some rights
SLAVES
Prisoners of war and or non-Muslims
Performed housework and served in the
military
GOLDEN AGE
• Muslim scholars opened libraries and
encouraged learning
• Translations of ancient texts became
important
• Calligraphy
• Astronomy
• Medicine
• Architecture
Medieval Europe
• Manorialism- economic system based on self
sufficient manor
• Serf-peasant farmer bound to land
• Excommunicate- remove someone from the
Catholic Church
• Feudalism- Social and Political system based
on land ownership (land-labor-loyalty)
• Fiefs- someone who receives land
• Vassals- landowners
Pope Crowned Charlemagne
Holy Roman Emperor: Dec. 25, 800
Modern day France, Germany, Italy
Feudalism
• Nobles: landowners or high-ranking
church officials
• Vassals: lesser landowner
Manorialism
• Economic System based on mutual
responsibility
• Land ↔ labor, protection, loyalty
• Everyone on manor contributes to the
self- sufficiency of the manor
Medieval Church
• Largest landowners- controlled Europe
• Roman Catholic Church- most powerful
• Unifying Force- feudalism broke people
apart and Christianity brought them
together
• Architecture: Gothic- churches were made
elaborately and as tall as possibleshowed power
Roles of Church
• Economic: tithing (church tax) raised
tremendous amounts of money
• Political Power: had power of empires,
collected taxes, formed armies, made
treaties, and appointed and disposed of
kings and princes
• Learning: opened monasteries- educated
and preached the word of God- advocated
his beliefs
• Jews persecuted
CRUSADES
• Byzantine Emperor asked for help against
the Muslims
• Fought for control of Holy Land- Jerusalem
• Salvation would be gained-promised a
spot in Heaven if fought
CRUSADES- Cultural Diffusion
• Trade- reintroduction of trade b/w Middle East
and Europe; Europeans became interested in
New Muslim and Eastern Goods
• Learning- new ideas, people start questioning
the church and experiment
• Power of Rulers increase- church loses power
and influence to local rulers
• Relations- contact with Muslims & Chinese
creates long-lasting tensions
CRUSADES- people
• Urban II- Pope who called for Crusades
• Saladin- Muslim ruler who helped the
Muslims recapture the Holy land from the
Christians
• Richard the Lion Hearted- English King
who went on Crusade and helped the
Christians regain the Holy Land for only a
brief period