Transcript Chapter 8- The Rise Of Islam

http://www.mitchelltea
chers.org/WorldHistory
/RiseofIslam/RiseofIsla
mVideos.htm
The Rise of Islam
HAMMAD SHEIKH
PERIOD 5
10/20/09
CHAPTER 8
THE RISE OF ISLAM
AP WORLD HISTORY
MR. MARSHALL
http://www.mitchelltea
chers.org/WorldHistory
/RiseofIslam/RiseofIsla
mVideos.htm
The Differences Between Sunnis And
Shiites
• Islam has two groups of people the Sunnis and the
Shiites.
• Both groups have the same train of thought.
• Both believe in one God (Allah) and the prophecy of
Muhammad.
• The Sunnis believe in the sunna ( follow in the tradition
of Prophet Muhammad).
• Shiites are the group of Muslim that believe that Ali the
fourth kalifa is the first kalifa.
• The four kalifa’s are Abu Baker Siddique, Hazart Usma,
Hazart Umar, and Harazt Ali.
http://en.wikiped
ia.org/wiki/Islam
The Arabian Peninsula
• The Arabs lived exclusively in the Arabian peninsula.(Bulliet
197)
• The interior of Arabia is were the religion of Islam took
form.(Bulliet 197)
• People of Arabia have been farmers and sailors, and less
nomadic.(Bulliet 198)
• The sea of sand or the “Empty Quarter”.
• Arabia had great knowledge of other lands due to the
caravans.(Bulliet 198)
• Caravans were ruled by nomadic people who helped trade
and military dominance. (Bulliet 198)
• Merchants who traveled in caravans learned of other
cultures and religions.(Bulliet 198)
http://en.wikipe
dia.org/wiki/File
:Mosque.Qibla.0
1.jpg
Continued
• Mecca was one of the last of the great caravan
cities.(Bulliet 198)
• Mecca lies in a barren mountain valley between Yemen
and Syria.
• The Nomadic group of the Qaraysh lived in Mecca.
• The Kabah is the center of worship for all Muslims and
is located in Mecca.
• The Kabah was built by Prophet Ibrahim.
• The Kabah is know for the annual pilgrimage(Hajj) and
Umra , which all include walking around the Kabah
worshipping God.
http://en.wikiped
ia.org/wiki/Islam
Prophet Muhammad
• Prophet Muhammad was born in Mecca in 570 A.D.
(Bulliet 199)
• He was an orphan who grew up with his with his
grandfather Abd al-Mutalib and after his death with his
uncle.
• Muhammad married Khadija who was a merchant.
(Bulliet 199)
• In the Cave of Hira Prophet Muhammad meet Angel
Jibril and the Quran’s first verses were reviled.
• The revelation of the Quran took 3 years and
Muhammad shared the word of Allah with his uncle
son Ali and Abu Bakr. (Bulliet 200)
http://en.wikiped
ia.org/wiki/Islam
Islam
• Prophet taught the people of Arabia the truth of one
God and lead them away from the belief in idols.
• The revelation called all people to submit to God and
that Muhammad is the last messenger. (Bulliet 200)
• Muslims are people who have belief in Islam.(Bulliet
201)
• Believe in the first pillar of Islam, submission to Islam.
• Islam’s revolution had come before with Noah, Moses ,
and Jesus. (Bulliet 201)
• The revelation of Islam appealed to many people due
to their views on society, some adored the power and
http://dlibrary.acu.e
beauty of the revelation. (Bulliet 201)
du.au/research/theo
logy/ejournal/aejt_4
/images/islam_praye
The Formation of the Umma
• Mecca’s leaders feared the revelation of Islam would
threaten their power and prosperity. (Bulliet 201)
• The Quraysh tried in many ways to stop the spread of
Muhammad’s message.
• Prophet Muhammad was forced to flee to Medina in
which accepted him.
• Hijra is the beginning of the Muslim calendar.(Bulliet
201)
• The Umma began in Medina and was a community
defined for the acceptance of Islam and Prophet
Muhammad. (Bulliet 201)
http://pow.reonli
ne.org.uk/images/
pic_islam.jpg
Continued…
• Muhammad did return to Mecca after the Treaty of
Hudaybiyyah which was between Mecca and Prophet
Muhammad.
• On the 8th of June in 632 the messenger of God died at the
age of 63.
• After Muhammad’s death Abu Bakr became one of the
khalifa’s or successors. (Bulliet 201)
• Abu Bakr continued the spread of the Five Pillars of Islam.
(Bulliet 201)
• The Five Pillars of Islam are Shahada-Pledge of Allegiance,
Salat-Daily prayers, Zakat-Charity, Sawm-Fasting in the
Month of Ramadan, Hajj-Pilgrimage to Makkah.
http://en.wikiped
ia.org/wiki/Islam
Continued…
• The Quran is the word of Allah and the final
revelation of Islam.
• The Quran is written in Arabic. (Bulliet 202)
• The first civil war in Islam followed after the
death of the third kalifa, Usman in 656. (Bulliet
202, )
• Prophet Muhammad’s first cousin was Ali, who
was nominated to lead against the assassins of
Usman. (Bulliet 202)
• The Shiite belief developed over the belief of Ali
to be the successor of Muhammad.(Bulliet 202)
http://en.wikiped
ia.org/wiki/Islam
The Islamic Conquest
• The Islamic caliphates built on the conquest of
Muhammad.(Bulliet 201)
• The caliphates were Sunni and believed in the unity of the
Umma. (Bulliet 202)
• Arab conquest outside of Arabia began under the second
kalifa
Umar.(http://www.wsu.edu:8080/~dee/ISLAM/UMAY.HTM)
• The Muslim domination spread to Syria, Egypt, Spain, India
and Anatolia.(Bulliet 203)
• The Arabs during the conquest period showed little signs
of encouraging conversions and spreading Islam. (Bulliet
203)
http://en.wikiped
ia.org/wiki/Islam
The Umayyad and Early Caliphates
• The Umayyad caliphs presided over an ethnically Arab realm.(Bulliet
203)
• The Umayyad’s saw a great development of theIslamic empire and
were responsible for building a highly efficient and lasting
governmental structure.
• The Umayyad caliphs could be startlingly brilliant both militarily and
politically.(http://www.wsu.edu:8080/~dee/ISLAM/UMAY.HTM)
• The Khurasan over threw the last Umayyad calipha and resulting in
the establishment of the Abbasid Caliphate.(Bulliet 203)
• The Abbasid dynasty showed great leadership and concern for
Islam.(Bulliet 203)
• Laws were made related closely to religion and on the Quran.
(Bulliet 203)
http://en.wikiped
ia.org/wiki/Islam
Continued…
• The new Khurasan adopted a ceremonial and
customs of the Sasanid Shahs.
• As more people converted to Islam the ruling
class became more and more multi-ethnic.
• Many pieces of writing were transferred to Arabic
such as Aristotle.(Bulliet 204)
• Gradual converting to Islam speeded in the end
of the ninth century.
• Arabs themselves lost their strong connection to
kinship and ethnic identity. (Bulliet 204)
http://en.wikiped
ia.org/wiki/Islam
Political Fragmentation
• The Abbasid decline came at the end of the ninth
century.
• No government could govern such a vast region.
• News could take weeks to reach other
cities.(http://www.wsu.edu:8080/~dee/ISLAM/A
BASSID.HTM)
• Military responses came slowly and could take
months. (Bulliet 204)
• Muslims were the majority in the Abbasid.
(Bulliet 205)
http://en.wikiped
ia.org/wiki/Islam
Continued…
• Their were revolts on Muslims, but gave way to expansion
of territory and formation of principalities.(Bulliet 205)
• New states created in the Abbasid Caliphates increased the
local prosperity.
(http://www.princeton.edu/~batke/itl/denise/abbasids.ht
m)
• The caliphs bought mamluks or Turkish slaves to serve in
the military.
• This also increased from cultural diversity in the Islamic
world.(http://www.wsu.edu:8080/~dee/ISLAM/ABASSID.HT
M)
• Then later the Mamluks created Samarra. (Bulliet 205)
http://en.wikiped
ia.org/wiki/Islam
Continued…
• In 945 the Abbasid Caliphates fell under the control to the
province of Daylam.
• The Shiites later conquered Iraq and Iran, and controlled
Baghdad.(Bulliet 205)
• The Abbasid remained there but were controlled by the
Daylam.(http://www.wsu.edu:8080/~dee/ISLAM/ABASSID.
HTM)
• Many new Iranian families such as the Samanids became
independent. (Bulliet 206)
• The fall of the Abbasid Caliphates lead to a new phase of
Islamic
culture..(http://www.wsu.edu:8080/~dee/ISLAM/ABASSID.
HTM)
http://en.wikiped
ia.org/wiki/Islam
Assault from Within and Without
• In 1030’s the Turkish mamluks became know as
ferocious and warrior like because they lead to the fall
of the Abbasid.(Bulliet 207)
• The Seljuk family established a new political power
based on nomadic power.
• The Seljuks were easier on the Abbasid and slowly
attacked the Byzantine
power.(http://www.allaboutturkey.com/selcuk.htm)
• But the Turkish new cities became more pastoral.
• The Turkish empire slowly fell due to poor economic
misfortunes and political fragmentation.(Bulliet 208)
http://www.stop-obama.org/wpcontent/uploads/0-islam-symbol.jpg
Continued …
• The Seljuk empire came into internal conflicts when the
first crusaders armies of Christians reached the Holy Land.
• The Muslims finally unified under Nur al-Din to take back
control of Jerusalem.
• To increase military power Turkish imported slaves from
non- Muslim countries trained them and converted them to
Muslims.(Bulliet 208)
• The Mongol attack on Baghdad shocked the Islamic world.
(http://www.allaboutturkey.com/selcuk.htm)
• The Mongols left little affect on the Islamic world besides
the fact destroying cities and killing hundreds of people
because they ended up converting to Islam.(Bulliet 209)
Law and Dogma
• Sharia is Islamic law and is the foundation of Islamic
society.
• Some of the laws for Islamic society came from the
Quran itself.(Bulliet 208)
• Islam slowly developed laws to govern society and
religious life.
• Hadith are the are the deeds or way of life of Prophet
Muhammad.
• Many hadith were religious matters but some related
to society.
• The Sharia was to be followed by all Muslim rulers and
enforce them.(Bulliet 209)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wi
ki/File:Opened_Qur%27an
.jpg
Converts And Cities
• Conversion to Islam was more to the beauty of the
religion and less to escape taxes.(Bulliet 209)
• To become Muslim all someone had to do was recite a
Shahada.
• Many new converts had to teach themselves by living
around and imitating other Muslims.
• In other empires many people who wanted to convert
to Islam faced discrimination and stayed their religion.
• Migrating to Islamic republics saved people from
discrimination and gave them economic
opportunities.(Bulliet 210)
http://en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/File:Opened_Qur
%27an.jpg
Continued…
• Arab military settlements in some cities advanced and
became important Muslim centers such as Kufa in Iraq.
• Many cities flourished under Muslim control from
Bagdad to Mosul, in population and economically.
• Conversion related migration increased Muslim city
population.
• Mosques served as religious center and educational
centers.
• Islam colored all the aspects of urban social life, from
con man to singers.(Bulliet 210)
•
http://en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/File:Opened_Qur
%27an.jpg
Continued…
• Having no religious authority gave people and
society flexibility and accommodations.
• The urban growth affected the country side by
expanding the consumer market.
• Some products of the area were citrus, fruit, rice,
and sugar cane.
• Muslim doctors and astronomers developed
theories that were far ahead of the Europeans.
• Ibn al-Haytham developed the theory that the
light travels from an object to an eye and that the
Milky Way lies far beyond earth.(Bulliethttp://en.wikipedia.org
210)
/wiki/File:Opened_Qur
%27an.jpg
Islam, Woman, and Slaves
• Woman seldom traveled.
• Woman studied to be literate but did not
come in contact with unrelated men.
• Only slave woman could be performers and
dancers in front of men.
• Islamic law granted greater statues than did
Christians and Jewish law.
• Woman could call for divorce, inherit land and
money, and testify in court.(Bulliet 210)
http://en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/File:Opened_Qur
%27an.jpg
Continued…
• Woman were appraised in society and protected.
• Most men feared woman’s sexual infidelity and
interfering politics, which wasn’t showed in that
time literature or stories.
• Seclusion for woman became common in Muslim
society.
• Islam allows slavery but prohibited enslaving
people.
• Many slaves did convert to Islam and were mostly
freed by their owners.(Bulliet 211)
http://en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/File:Opened_Qur
%27an.jpg
The Recreation of Islam
• Early Islam was centered around caliphates and the
unity of the umma.(Bulliet 211)
• There was no set Islamic way to converting that so
many ways arose. (Bulliet 214)
• Madrasa’s are schools that helped teach people about
the religion and spread the religion.(Bulliet 114)
• Iranians contributed to the creation of a new group of
Muslims called Sufi.
• Sufi were slowly weekend and faded away in society.
• Mecca was the most important center in Islam for
education and the annual pilgrimage of Hajj.(Bulliet
115)
http://en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/File:Opened_Qur
%27an.jpg
Quiz
What is the main similarities between Sunni and Shiites?
a. They are both considered part of Islam.
b. Both believe in one God and the prophecy of Muhammad.
c. Both believe in God.
d. Both believe in the prophecy of Muhammad.
e. Both are still fighting for Islamic rights
Who built the Kaaba? And where?
a. Muhammad, New York
b. Ibrahim, Medinah
c. Ibrahim, Mecca
d. Abu al-Talib
e. Jesus, Mecca
What did merchants also learn from trading with other cultures?
a. Merchants traded and learned ideas, technology and culture.
b. They only traded ideas and products.
c. Learned more about other religions such as Christianity.
d. Learned about science and advanced technology.
e. Merchants traveled to only Muslim countries and just shared there stories
on traveling.
Bibliography
1.
Books:
-Bulliet, Richard W., Pamela Kyle Crossley, Daniel R. Headrick, Steven W. Hirsch, Lyman L.
Johnson, and David Northrup. Earth and It's People Advanced Placement Version Third
Edition. Boston: Houghton Mifflin College Division, 2004.
- D., Ph. A Course on Islamic Shari'ah. New York: Foundation for Islamic Knowledge, 1999.
Print.
- Khan, Saniyashnia. Tell Me About The Prophet Muhammad. New Delhi: Goodword Books,
2000. Print.
2.
Websites:
- "Abbasids." Princeton University - Welcome. Web. 21 Oct. 2009.
<http://www.princeton.edu/~batke/itl/denise/abbasids.htm>.
- "The Abassid Dynasty." Washington State University - Pullman, Washington. Web. 21 Oct.
2009. <http://www.wsu.edu:8080/~dee/ISLAM/ABASSID.HTM>.
- "Civil War and the Umayyad Dynasty." Washington State University - Pullman, Washington.
Web. 21 Oct. 2009. <http://www.wsu.edu:8080/~dee/ISLAM/UMAY.HTM>.
- "The Seljuk Turks -." All About Turkey. Web. 21 Oct. 2009.
<http://www.allaboutturkey.com/selcuk.htm>.
Bibliography
• Pictures:
-"File:Opened Qur'an.jpg -." Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Web. 21 Oct. 2009.
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Opened_Qur%27an.jpg>.
- "Islam -." Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Web. 21 Oct. 2009.
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam>.