Transcript Powerpoint
Bellringer Read the Quranic verses about commerce : • What trends do you notice in the Quranic verses? • Cite two examples from the text to support your conclusion. Islam spreads to: •South Asia •Southeast Asia •Africa …the power of trade Islam & Trade – “O you who believe, devour not excessive interest, doubling the sum lent. Fear Allah, that you may really prosper.” (Quran) – “Give just measure & cause no loss to others by fraud. Weigh with scales true & upright. Withhold not things justly due to men.” (Quran) – “Truthfulness leads to righteousness, & righteousness leads to Paradise. Falsehood leads to wickedness, & wickedness leads to Hell.” (Hadith) – “Gold is to be paid for by gold, silver by silver, wheat by wheat - equal for equal, payment being made on the spot. If the species differ, sell as you wish provided that payment is made on the spot.” (Hadith) South/Southeast Asia Chapter 7 Interactions • Islamic society interacted with India & SE Asia very differently – India = military & territorial conflict – SE Asia = commerce • Islam spread to practitioners in India & SE Asia through conversion similarly India • After Gupta, controlled by regional kingdoms • Arab & Turkish control gradually increased during period – From military raids for revenge – To raids for wealth & spoils of war – To land grabs & formation of Muslim ruled kingdom India • Still, least affected region of Dar al-Islam • Flexibility of Hinduism (Bhaktic cults) • Islam gained converts among poor & Buddhists, but mostly diffused Indian culture – “Arabic” numerals SE Asia • Land of trade & converging influence – Lots of contact with India and China – Complex cultural mix: • Animistic origins • Classical exposure to Hinduism & Buddhism SE Asia • Dominated by 3 power zones – Khmer Empire on mainland – various kingdoms on Java – Srivijayan Empire on Malay Peninsula & Sumatra Khmer Empire • Capital @ Angkor • Buddhist & Hindu influences Java • Rich volcanic soils & rainforest climate – Agriculturally productive (3 rice crops) • Well-positioned for trade of spices Srivijayan • Controlled Malacca (most important port) • Buddhist • Long contact with Muslim merchants – Arabs & Indians – Monsoon winds fostered lengthy visits & thus greater cultural exchange Spread of Islam in SE Asia • Fall of Srivijayan dynasty provided an opening for Islamic conversion • Islamic conversion of Malacca created domino effect Spread of Islam in SE Asia • Islam spread peacefully through: – Trade • Muslim brotherhood of trust – Sufis • Mystical approach to Islam (3rd branch) • Allowed for much greater tolerance & local adaptation • Conversion easier among animists – Reason for greater influence than in India Sufism Come, come, whoever who are, Wanderer, worshiper, lover of leaving. It doesn’t matter. Ours is a caravan of despair. Come, even if you have broken your vow a thousand times, Come, yet again, come, come. Read the summary of Sufism : 1)How does Sufism differ from orthodox Islam? 2) Why were Sufis instrumental in spreading Islam to India & SE Asia? 3) Cite examples from the poems that would make Sufism attractive to Hindus. Buddhists? Animists? Overarching Idea… Cultures spread through syncretism? Blending & Accommodation • As religions spread, they are somewhat forced to accommodate local traditions to gain converts – Example: – Christianity & European paganism → Halloween, Christmas Blending & Accommodation in SE Asia? Indonesian Mosque Indonesian Mosque Southeast Asia through Maps c. 800 CE -Chinese influence seen in Buddhism practice in Vietnam -Indian influence seen in Hinduism on mainland & Buddhism on western islands -outer reaches of SE Asian society still dominated by animism c. 1000 CE -Islam converts many poor & Buddhists in Bengal through trade, but trade contacts do not yet bring conversion in SE Asia -Srivijayan dynasty spreads Buddhist influence -Java shifts to Hinduism (Prambanan) c. 1250 CE -Fall of Srivijayan dynasty & control of Malacca opens path for Islamic conversion late in postclassical period, particularly in port cities & among animists