Transcript Unit 3 Intro Lecture

The World: 600 -1450
Expanding Communities
& Movement
People, Goods, Ideas and Animals
GLOBAL PROCESS TRENDS TO 1450
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Migration (Vikings, Turks, Aztecs, Mongols, Arab)
Spread of disease
Belief systems (introducing Islam…!)
New Technologies and commerce
Idea of ownership
People, church & state (Crusades, conflict)
Growth of individual (Magna Carta & Renaissance)
Demographic and
Environmental Changes
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Migration of Agricultural Peoples
Bantu migrations
Europeans to Eastern and Central Europe
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Consequences of Disease
For ex. Black Plague 1348
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Growth and Role of Cities
Urbanization
How much of this demonstrates continuity?
Pop. Growth + Agricultural Revolution = Urbanization
Pop. Growth and expansion + virgin soils = Empire
Inter-regional networks and
Contacts
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Mediterranean
trade circuit
Silk Routes
Indian Ocean
Trans-Saharan
Trade
Trans-American
circuits
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Religious
connections:
missionaries,
inter-religious
contact
Impact of
Mongols
Mediterranean Circuits
Silk Routes
Indian Ocean
Trans-Saharan Trade
Trans-American trade
Religious Connections
China: Internal/External Expansion
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Sui Dynasty
Tang Dynasty
Technological innovations: compass, paper,
gunpowder etc.
Influence on Japan
Footbinding, Neo-Confucianism
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Song Dynasty
All the makings of an industrial revolution
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Early Ming
Zheng He voyages, eunochs and nomadic threats
Sub-Saharan
Africa
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West African kingdoms: Ghana, Mali
East African city states: Axum, Kilwa
Southern Africa: Great Zimbabwe
Contacts with Islamic World, Indian
Ocean world, and within Africa
Role of Trade, Education and Religion
Impact of Mongols: Blessing
or a Curse
MONGOL SPREAD
East Asia (not Japan or SE Asia)
 Middle East (Persia)
 Russia
IMPACT
Conquest
Trade
Tech. Transfer
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MONGOL SPREAD? (SE ASIA)
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Kublai Khan’s fleet of 1000 Mongol
ships hit by a typhoon and then refused
permission to land in Champa
(Vietnam). They changed direction, but
their sick fleet and surprise attack
turned them in another direction.
Monsoons finally convinced them to
retreat entirely.
Islamic World: Dar al-Islam
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Expanding cultural, economic and
political influence
Al-Andalus/ Islamic Spain
North and West Africa
Indian Ocean: East Africa, India, SE Asia
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Technological accomplishments:
astrolabe, algebra, philosophy, cartography…
Al-Andalus
Islamic World:
Comparisons
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Compare Islam to Christianity
Compare Islamic contacts with Europe
and with Africa
Crusades- points of view compared
Compare gender changes
Compare support/ patronage of arts
and sciences
Europe
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Break in eastern and Western
Christendom: political significance?
Religious schisms compared:
Eastern Orthodox and Roman Catholicism
Mahayana and Theravada Buddhism
Sunni/ Shiite in Islam
Europe: Restructure
of Institutions
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Religion
Papacy, Crusades, architecture
and education
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Development of Feudalism
Comparison of feudalism in Europe and Japan
Increasing importance of monarchy over
church
Amer-Indian World
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Migrations over the Bering Strait at
least 10,000 years ago.
North: Cahokia South: Hohokam
MesoAmerica- Olmecs, Maya, Toltec/Aztec
South America: Nazca, Moche, (Inca)
MIDDLE EAST
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Eastern Orthodox Christianity spreads
Byzantine and Sasanid Empires
ISLAM
Spread of Islam
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Caliphates
Trade – Southernization: Indian Ocean Trade
Fairly peaceful
EASTERN ASIA
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Sui (Grand Canal), Tang (Buddhism, loss of
silk monopoly, inventions) Song (civil service
exam back, Tech., pop+, flying money, credit)
YUAN – Mongols
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Khubilai Khan, technology transfer, exchange of
ideas and goods, Silk Road open, tax farming
MING – GOLDEN AGE: Zheng He, junks
Concepts
 Spread of Buddhism – silk road
 Korea, Japan and Vietnam adapt ideas from
Chinese culture, begin to develop their own
AMERICAN CIVILIZATIONS
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Aztec (Tenochtitlan/Tlatelolco, territorial
conquest, chinampas, simple tech., sacrifice
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Mayan (Teotihuacan, pyramids and 3-levels of
Cosmos, calendar, math, simple technology
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Inca (clan and ayllu, mit’a system for labor,
roads, bridges, huge empire w. strong
military, Cuzco city with hostages, khipu
EUROPE
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Fall of Rome: Feudalism/Dark Ages/Middle Ages
Catholic Church & Pope: monasticism
Christian Europe concerned about Islam: crusades
Pope vs. King – as Europe moves out of Middle
Ages, King becomes more powerful (investiture
controversy)
Black Plague…brought from Mongol fighters in Italy
benefits???....leads to RENAISSANCE
RUSSIA
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BEFORE: Kievian society and Orthodox
MONGOLS (1200): Golden Horde
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Took the resources, devastates Kiev
tax farming
Alexander Nevskii saves Moscow
Moscow becomes center
Women in Mongol society?
AFRICA
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Islam introduced into Africa –
trade/peace…Great Zimbabwe, Swahili,
Kilwa – SOUTHERNIZATION and trade
Ethiopia stays Christian
Mali Empire and Mansa Musa
Timbuktu
Travellers: Ibn Battuta
INDIA
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Only violent Islam conquerers in India
DELHI SULTANATE:
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Violent, destroyed Hindu temples, people
Raziya (women)
Compare women to Buddhist Empress in
China of Wu Zhao during Tang
Trading cities of Calicut, Malabar Coast
Dhow
CHANGES IN EUROPE: 1450
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Renaissance
Printing Press
Fall of Constantinople: Ottoman
New art/architecture
Explorers (Dias, da Gama, Columbus)
New World (Cortes, Pizzaro
Spain/Portugal & Treaty of Tordesillas
Questions we will focus on:
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Was there a world economic network?
How did gender roles change?
How can material culture and urban
history help us to understand early
societies?
Examples of continuity? Change?
Think about patterns and trends:
demographics, social, technological
IDEAS TO CONSIDER
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What is “southernization”? How did it
change trade from the classical period
and who were the important players on
the scene?
How did southernization lead to
westernization and what are the
significant differences between them?
PEOPLE TO KNOW…
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Vladimir I
Ghengis Khan
Ogodei
Khubilai
Ibn Battata
Alexander Nevskii
Zheng He
Rashid al-Din