Transcript Period 3: Regional and Transregional Interactions

Period 3:
Regional and
Trans regional
Interactions 600
CE-1450
Turn in Islam chart, keep
women in Islamic societies
out on your desk
 Collapse
of old empires, rise of city-states in
Africa, Mesoamerica, Southeast Asia
Post Classical period
 Massive wars of conquest
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Creating the Islamic world
Mongol Empire
 Trade
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Routes
Africa and the Americas remained separate
Merchandise, ideas and culture spread between and
connected the rest of the world
 Systems
of labor
 Cities as the center of society (culture,
language, trade, religion)
Islamic Caliphates
 Abbasids:
Established their capital in
Baghdad (Iraq) differed from
Umayyad in that they granted equal
status to converts to Islam
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Increased trade from the Western Med.
World to china
Math: Refined fields of algebra, geometry,
trigonometry
Study of astronomy
Created detailed maps of the world
Roman Empire
Byzantine Empire 565
780
1278
1453
Expansion
of Empires-China
(618-907)
 Tang
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Generally characterized by trade and agriculture
Controlled their empire through the use of
diplomatic relations and the Great Wall
Continued use of the Civil Service exam
Government emphasized Confucianism, but
Buddhism grew in popularity
Tang gov’t limited the power of Buddhism by putting
restrictions on land and money grants
 Decline:
 Internal
rebellion
 Invasions by nomadic people
 Emphasized
Chinese tradition namely patriarchal
family and Confucian teachings
 Significant technological advances
 Forced to pay tribute (bribes) to the Khitan, a
nomadic group located in northern China
 Heavy emphasis on civil service exams
 Neo-Confucianism: a blend of Confucian and
Buddhist ideas and values
Song Dynasty (960-1279)
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Applied Confucian respect for authority and family to all
aspects of chinese society
This way, Buddhism complemented the government instead of
posing a threat
Song
Tang
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 Continued
Achievements trade
Increased contacts with
the Islamic world
Improved ocean going
ships-Chinese junks were
among the worlds best
ships
Use of flying money
(letters of credit) to
facilitate long distance
trade
Canals and irrigation
systems increased
agricultural productivity
overseas
 Landscape
 Warfare
paintings
advancements:
Catapults, flame
throwers and rocket
launchers
 Printing with moveable
type
 Use of the compass
 Abacus
 Foot binding started
with wealthy, spread to
Manorialism and feudalism
Labor and societal structure
 Feudalism: political and social order of
medieval Europe, a method of
maintaining control of a society.
 Serfs: people who were not slaves, yet
not fully free. Produced the labor in this
system. Worked the land in exchange
for protection
 Manor: main form of agricultural
organization. Included land, crops,
animals, tools and serfs. The lord acted
Middle Ages in Europe
 11th-15th
Centuries
 Gothic Architecture
 Increased urbanization-Europe in general
had smaller cities than China
 Rise of universities
 Decline in serfs on the manor; many fled
to towns to earn freedom
 Centralized monarchies and growth of
nation states
 New warfare (gunpowder, cannons)
made castles obsolete
Mongols
 Began
as nomads on the Asian steppes (grasslands
in Northern China)
 Migrated with herds of sheep, horses, cattle, goats
and camels
 Grew small crops, but mostly depended on animal
products
 Traded with other nomadic groups and along the
silk roads
 Nomadic women in Asia
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Had status and autonomy
Raised to complete all chores, military service
Could own property and divorce
Polygamy was normal within the clans
Mongol Empires
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1167-Temujin was born; allied himself with
powerful clans. Used steppe diplomacy to unite
the Mongols under a single confederation
Became known as Chingghis Khan
First attacked other nomadic groups in Asia but
soon moved on to China and Persia
1220-conquered most of Northern China
Persia-ruling shah attacked Mongol
ambassadors; The Mongols retaliated by
destroying their irrigation systems and destroying
cities
Decline of Mongol Rule
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Mid 14th century Mongol role weakened as
they were more concerned with acquisition of
territory and wealth than ruling effectively
The last years of the Yuan Dynasty were
characterized by banditry, famine and
peasant rebellion
Russia: failed attempts to conquer Eastern
Europe in 1240; Mongols withdrew to their
capital in Mongolia
Persia: rule ended in 1260; defeated by slaves
of Egypt
Impact
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Russia
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Persia
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Remained culturally isolated from Europe
developments such as the Renaissance
Ottoman Turks replaced Mongols as ruling power
in the 15th century
Eurasia
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Facilitation of trade between Europe and Asia
Mongols fostered peace and stability promoted
the exchange of products and ideas
New trading posts encouraged people to invest in
long distance exploration
Spread of the plague
Bantu Migrations
 Began
in 2000 BCE-likely due to
overpopulation; moved south and east
through sub-Saharan Africa
 Migrated from present day Nigeria; escalated
between 500 BCE-1000; up until 1500
 Spread knowledge of agriculture techniques
and iron working, adopted cattle raising
 Banana arrived in 400 CE from Malay sailors
(Indian Ocean trade)
 Results: Spread of Bantu language, language
blended with Islam to create Swahili
Bantu Society and Government
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Stateless societies
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Political organization based around the family and
kinship group
Leader was a respected family member
Religion was animistic
Earliest Bantu groups did not have a written
language
Society centered around the age grade- group of
members of the same age who shared
responsibilities appropriate to age group
Women: highly respected as child-bearers; shared in
agricultural duties
Property was held in common; wealth was
determined by acquisition of slaves