Transcript Nomadic Empires and Eurasian Integration

NOMADIC EMPIRES AND
EURASIAN INTEGRATION
Chapter 18 Review
DURING WHAT PERIOD DID THE
NOMADS OF CENTRAL ASIA IMPACT
THE OTHER GLOBAL CIVILIZATIONS
OF THE EASTERN HEMISPHERE
DURING THE POST CLASSICAL ERA?
A) 900 to 1100
 B) 1100 to 1300
 C) 1200 to 1400
 D) 1300 to 1500
 E) 800-900

WHAT WAS THE BASIC UNIT OF
MONGOL SOCIETY?
A) The nuclear family
 B) The tribe
 C) The guild
 D) The city-state
 E) Band

HOW DID THE GEOGRAPHY OF CENTRAL
ASIA AFFECT THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE
NOMADIC CULTURES?
NOMADIC ECONOMY AND SOCIETY
Clans, related languages
 sought trade, were prominent on caravan routes
 Fluidity of classes in nomadic society
 Two social classes: nobles and commoners
 Autonomous clans and tribes
 Religions: shamans, Buddhism, Nestorian
Christianity; by tenth century, Islam

HOW DID THESE PEOPLE ADAPT TO THEIR
ENVIRONMENT? WHAT ADVANTAGES DID
THEIR ADAPTATIONS GIVE THEM?
ENVIRONMENT
Nomads drove herds in migratory cycles
 Lived mostly on animal products
 limited amounts of millet, pottery, leather goods,
iron

DISCUSS THE MILITARY ORGANIZATION,
TECHNIQUES, AND STRATEGIES OF THESE
ASIAN NOMADS. HOW DID THESE ABILITIES
MAKE THEIR MILITARY SO FORMIDABLE?
WHERE WAS THE CAPITAL OF THE
MONGOL EMPIRE UNDER CHINGGIS
KHAN?
A) Samarkand
 B) Karakorum
 C) Tatu
 D) Khwarazm
 E) Cambolu

MILITARY
Khan ("ruler") organized vast confederation of
individual tribes for expansion
 Outstanding cavalry forces
 formidable military power

TURKISH EXPANSION INTO PERSIA
AND INDIA
SALJUK TURKS
In the Abbasid Empire
Mid 8th – mide 10th
centuries
 Lived on borders
 Traded
 Joined Army
 1055 – Tughril Beg
recognized as sultan
by caliph
 Successors extend rule
to Syria and Paestine

In the Byzantine Empire
Began migrating to
Anatolia in 11th
century
 1071 – defeat
Byzantines at
Manzikert – take
emperor
 Peasants see Saljuks
as liberators
 Displaced Byzantine
authority

WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING WAS
NOT ONE OF THE POSITIVE
ASPECTS OF CHINGGIS KHANʹS
IMPERIAL RULE?
A) He promulgated a legal code to end divisions
and quarrels among the Mongol clans.
 B) He brought peace to much of Asia.
 C) He promoted the growth of trade and
commerce.
 D) He ordered the creation of huge pastures in
northern China for the use of the Mongol
 clans.
 E) He promised religious toleration for many
different religious groups.

HOW DID THE MONGOLS COME TO CONQUER
CHINA? WHAT WERE THE KEY ELEMENTS IN
THEIR SUCCESS?
CONQUEST OF NORTHERN CHINA
Chinggis Khan, Mongols raided the Jurchen in
north China beginning in 1211
 Controlled north China by 1220
 South China was still ruled by the Song dynasty
 Mongol rule becomes known as Yuan dynasty
(founded 1279)
 Unsuccessful conquests of Vietnam, Burma,
Java, and Japan by Khubilai

FACTORS
Equestrian skills
 Bows
 Mobile forces
 Mongol overlords oversaw local administrators
 Outlawed intermarriage
 Tolerated religions
 Confucian lost government support

FOLLOWING CHINGGIS KHANʹS DEATH,
WHAT WAS THE PROVISION FOR THE
ADMINISTRATION OF THE
EMPIRE?





A) It was divided into four regional kingdoms, or
khanates, ruled by his sons and grandsons.
B) It was centralized with a Mongol bureaucracy
located at the Chinese capital of Tatu.
C) The empire immediately fragmented into its
constituent tribes and clans.
D) It passed as a single government with its capital at
Karakorum to Chinggis Khanʹs oldest son.
E) Mandarins from China were brought in to help
administer the empire under the guidance of the
grand khan.
DISCUSS THE ROLE OF EPIDEMICS
IN THE DECLINE OF THE MONGOL
EMPIRES.
WHO WAS TAMERLANE, AND WHAT
WAS HIS LASTING LEGACY?
HOW DID THE TURKS COME TO TOPPLE
THE BYZANTINE EMPIRE?
WHAT WAS THE RELIGIOUS POLICY
OF THE MONGOL EMPIRE UNDER
CHINGGIS KHAN?
A) He was converted to Islam late in his life.
 B) He practiced no religious beliefs himself, but
tolerated Islam only.
 C) All religions were tolerated in his empire.
 D) Buddhism became the state religion of the
Mongol empire.
 E) After the Russian campaign the Mongols
became Orthodox Christians.

WHAT ROLE DID RELIGION(S) PLAY IN
THE NOMADIC EMPIRES? WHAT
GENERALIZATIONS CAN YOU MAKE?
WHAT ARE THE SIGNIFICANT
DIFFERENCES?
MAHMUD OF GHAZNI
Enemy of Buddhism and Hinduism
 Attacked temples and shrines
 Stripped Hindu and Buddhist establishments of
their wealth
 Repressed Buddhism and Hinduism and
promoted Islam
