Transcript Origins of Islam

Origins
• Founded in 622 CE
• Founder was Muhammad
• Began with Muhammad’s “Night Journey”
– Occurred at the Foundation Stone on Mt. Moriah.
• Current site of the Dome of the Rock.
History
• When Muhammad died in 632 CE, two
factions of Islam arose: Shi’a and Sunni.
History
• Shi’a Islam (Shiites)
– Believe Muhammad named his cousin Ali as
successor.
– Muhammad’s family has sole claim to leadership.
– Rely on teachings of Muhammad’s descendents.
History
• Sunni Islam (Sunnis)
– Do not believe Muhammad named a successor.
– Prophet’s companions (Caliphates) have authority.
– Rely on teachings of religious scholars.
God(s)
• Monotheistic
• God = “Allah”
• Prophet = Muhammad
Religious Practices and Beliefs
• Allah created everything in six days.
• Mecca was birthplace of Muhammad
• Muhammad’s message is Allah’s final
revelation to humanity.
• Recognize Jesus as a prophet; not the Son of
God.
• “Jihad” – Holy War.
Afterlife
• Believe in “Judgment Day”.
• Believe in physical Heaven and Hell.
• Your destination depends on how well you
treated others.
Religious Text
• Quran (or Koran)
– “Quran” means “recitation”.
Other Important Facts
• Shari’a Law – moral code and religious law of
Islam.
– Shari’a means “path” or “way”.
Shari’a Law - Laws
• Marriage
– Men can marry up to 4 women, but only if they
are treated equally.
– Women may not marry without the permission of
her guardian.
– Women may only marry 1 man.
Shari’a Law - Laws
• Divorce
– Women must receive permission from husband
for divorce.
– Men may divorce freely.
• For men, divorce is achieved when the husband tells his
wife he is divorcing her.
Shari’a Law - Penalties
• Theft = amputation of hands/feet.
• Adultery = death by stoning (if married).
100 lashes (if unmarried).
Shari’a Law – Other Laws
• Dancing and any other form of “fun”
entertainment are forbidden.
• Music is forbidden.
5 Pillars of Islam
5 Pillars of Islam
• “Faith” (Shahada)
– Expresses 2 fundamental beliefs:
• 1-There is no god but God.
• 2-Muhammad is God’s prophet.
5 Pillars of Islam
• “Charity” (Zakaat)
Giving to the poor or needy.
Muslims are required to pay 2.5% of their yearly
wealth.
5 Pillars of Islam
• “Fasting” (Sawm)
– Muslims stay away from food, drink, gambling,
and all other pleasurable activities from sun up to
sun down.
– Mainly practiced during Ramadan.
5 Pillars of Islam
• “Prayer” (Salaah)
– Muslims must pray 5 times per day in the
direction of Mecca.
5 Pillars of Islam
• “Pilgrimage” (Hajj)
– If possibly, Muslims are encouraged to make one
trip to Mecca.