Transcript Unit 5: China - Bismarck Public Schools

UNIT 5: CHINA
HISTORY
• For centuries China was a closed country trading only with their
neighbors. They distrusted western nations .
• Eventually European nations and the US forced their way into
China
• China was not strong enough militarily to keep the westerners
out.
HISTORY
• China became divided into 3 groups:
• Give up traditional ways and adopt western ways
• Reject western ways
• Combination of both
Sphere of Influence – Areas where an outside power has some
political and economical influence but does not directly govern
HISTORY
• Nationalist Party – disliked
foreigners, but liked
western ideas
Sun-Yat-Sen – became the
Nationalist leader of China
HISTORY
• Warlords – Regional
leaders with their own
military. They caused
problems for Sun because
he was unable to control all
of China
HISTORY
• Chiang Kai Shek – took
over after Sun died. He was
able to defeat each warlord
and unify China
• A split began in the
Nationalist Party. Some
favored Russian-style
Communism
HISTORY
• Chiang ordered all Communists within the party to be killed
The Communists fled to the southern mountains. Chiang sent
troops to wipe out the Communists
In 1934 – Communists flee again on what is now called the Long
March. Many died along the way
hunger
disease
attacks by Nationalist troops
LONG MARCH
LONG MARCH
• The march covered 18
mountain ranges, 20 rivers,
8,000 miles and took 370
days
• Of the 86,000 that set out,
only 36,000 survived. Many
were killed but some
deserted.
COMMUNIST LEADER
• Mao Zedong (Mao-TseTung) became the new
leader of the Communist
Party
COMMUNISM
• Japan took advantage of China’s problems and attacked. The
Communists and Nationalists had to set aside their differences
and unite to fight their common enemy
• Many previously uninterested Chinese peasants joined the
Communist Party
JAPANESE BRUTALITY
COMMUNISM
• 1949 – Communists and
Nationalist begin fighting
again but this time the
Communists win.
• Taiwan – Chiang and
the Nationalists fled
here
COMMUNISM
• Chiang established a government in Taiwan that was recognized
by the US and most of the West. They did not recognize Mao’s
Communist government as the official government of China
• October 1, 1949 – A new Communist nation is established: The
People’s Republic of China
• Chiang’s government in Taiwan was never able to defeat the
Communists and eventually the US and the West recognized
Mao’s government as the official government of China
THE GREAT LEAP FORWARD
• Collective Farms – A
system of government
owned farms where farmers
work together to grow crops
and share the profits
GREAT LEAP FORWARD
• Great Leap Forward – A system put in by Mao when collectives
failed
• Set up self-sufficient people’s communes
• Contained agriculture and industry
• The government made all production decisions
• Resembled military life
• Failed miserably – Great Leap Backward
GREAT LEAP FORWARD
• Command system – The government decides what goods and
services will be produced
• Demand system – the people make the production decisions
based on their purchases
• Mao was criticized and urged to slow down. “Reform takes
time.”
THE CULTURAL REVOLUTION - 1966
• Designed to re-educate the
population about Communism
• Red Guard – Radical young
men and women hired by
Mao to enforce policies and
re-educate citizens
THE CULTURAL REVOLUTION
• The idea was to destroy the 4
“olds”
• Old ideology
• Old thought
• Old habits
• Old customs
THE CULTURAL REVOLUTION
• Opposition was beaten, jailed, or executed
• The Cultural Revolution failed and ended in 1969 but it continued in rural
areas for several more years
• Legacy:
• Economy was nearly ruined
• Thousands of innocent people were in jail
• An entire generation was left only partially educated
PROPAGANDA
PROPAGANDA
PROPAGANDA
PROPAGANDA
DENG
• In 1976 Mao died
• Deng Xiaoping becomes the new
leader
• Areas to improve:
• Agriculture
• Industry
• Science
• Technology
CHANGE
• Contract Responsibility System – Allowed families to “rent” land from the
government and grow whatever they wished. They paid their rent in crops,
but were allowed to sell excess crops on the open market for whatever price
they could get.
• Production rates increased rapidly
CHANGE
• Heavy industry – mass
production of steel items –
tractors, trucks, etc. This was a
priority under Stalin and Mao
• Light industry or consumer goods
– Deng shifted the industrial
focus away from heavy industry
and placed it here. He believed
that Chinese citizens would buy
these goods with their new
disposable income
TROUBLE
• The “fifth Modernization” – People were happy with economic growth but now
wanted political freedom
• Tiananmen Square – a gathering spot for students to discuss ideas and
protest. For a while the government allowed this.
• After a time the government banned the protests
• Martial law – Law administered during periods of strict military control.
MARTIAL LAW
TROUBLE
• June 3, 1989 – protesters
ignored the government and held
a massive rally
• Government troops open fire on
the protesters killing 2,000 (no
exact figure is known)
• The USA and the west expressed
outrage at this violation of human
rights
• China cracked down on all forms
of protest.
TROUBLE
TANK MAN
•
http://youtu.be/mrQqDqOx3KY
ECONOMY
• Today China has an open market but there is still some government
ownership.
• China has the second largest economy in the world and is closing in on the
US for #1
• Politically China is still Communist
• No real freedom of speech
• No real freedom of religion
• No freedom of assembly
China is a major trading partner of the US and owns much US debt
CENSORSHIP
CENSORSHIP
NO CENSORSHIP HERE!!
CULTURE
• Population – Nearly 1.4 billion. It is the world’s most populous nation
• Mao urged large families figuring that a large population would be difficult to
defeat in war
• This created many problems especially food and housing shortages
• Deng implemented a one child policy
• If the policy was not followed, violators faced fines and possible job loss
• City dwellers mostly handled the policy but farmers ignored it and faced fines
• This policy is still in effect, but not for all parts of China
PROPAGANDA
PROPAGANDA
IN ORDER TO MOVE
•
Chinese citizens need government permission
•
- To insure that some people remain in farming
•
- To control population of regions (control overcrowding)
ETHNIC GROUPS
• China has 56 ethnic groups but they make up only 8% of the population
• The Han ethnic group makes up 92% of the population
• They speak the Mandarin language
• The written language is non-phonetic and gives no clues as to pronunciation
• They do not have an alphabet
• Ideogram – a picture or character that represents a thing or idea
CHARACTERS
CULTURE
• To read a paper one would have to know 2,000-3,000
characters
• To master the written language one would have to know about
20,000 characters
• Communication is easier because it eliminates dialect problems
and double meaning words
RELIGION
• Buddhism, Daoism, and
Confucianism are common
• Daoism – happiness lies in
living a harmonious
relationship with nature
RELIGION
• Based on the teachings of
Confucius (DUH!)
• People must respect laws
• Parents must set a good
example and children must
obey parents
• Must honor ancestors
BUDDHISM
• the goal is nirvana – a state of
peace and bliss where there is
no pain or suffering
• Suffering is caused by
craving, usually of material
goods.
• The way to eliminate suffering
is to eliminate craving
• Many devout Buddhists take a
vow of poverty
BUDDHISM
• Dalai Lama – The leader of
the Buddhist faith
• Buddhists believe that he is
the reincarnate of
Siddhartha Gautama
(Buddha)
• Atheism – The official
government view of religion
in China
BUDDHISM
BUDDHISM
TIBET
•
Tibet – region in China where life is
based on the Buddhist religion. It is
communal and very traditional.
DALAI LAMA QUOTES
• Happiness is not something ready-made. It comes from your
own actions.
• If you can, help others; if you cannot do that, at least do not
harm them.
• If you want others to be happy, practice compassion. If you want
to be happy, practice compassion.
• My religion is very simple. My religion is kindness.
MORE QUOTES
• Remember that not getting what you want is sometimes a
wonderful stroke of luck.
• We can never obtain peace in the outer world until we make
peace with ourselves.
• Be kind whenever possible. It is always possible.
• My religion is very simple. My religion is kindness.
TAIWAN
• A small island about 100
miles off the southeast
coast of China
• Its citizens have the same
history, language, and
culture as the Chinese
• They are Nationalists that
fled to Taiwan after the
Communist victory in 1949
TAIWAN
• It has a strong economy
with US help
• China views Taiwan as a
colony
• The US views Taiwan as an
independent nation, but we
are careful not to upset the
Chinese
HONG KONG
• A City-State in southern
China
• Covers only 80 mi2 with a
population of 1.2 million.
Density is 42,500/mi2
• Many citizens fled
Communism in 1949.
• Was once a British colony.
GB leased HK from China
for 99 years in 1898.
HONG KONG
• GB handed HK back to
China in 1997
• HK has a strong economy
based on shipping and
manufacturing
• As part of the handover,
China can make no political
or economic changes for 50
years
HONG KONG
MOST FAMOUS HK CITIZEN!
CHINA’S PRESIDENT
•
Hu Jintao
THE END!!!