Transcript Module 18
Module 18 Encoding, Storage, and Retrieval of Memory Chapter 6, Pages 212-228 Essentials of Understanding Psychology- Sixth Edition PSY110 Psychology © Richard Goldman October 23, 2006 Memory Process of encoding, storing, and retrieval of information: Encoding – Receiving, processing, and storing information received from the senses Storage – Maintenance of information saved in memory Retrieval – Locating information and bringing it to awareness Types of Memory 1. Sensory Learning – < 1 second – Raw Information 2. 3. Sight (Iconic) Hearing (Echoic) Touch Taste Smell Motion Short Term Memory – 15-25 seconds Long Term Memory – Permanent George Sperling Sensory Memory Study F T Y C K D N L Y W B M Subject exposed to letters for 1/20 of a second – limited recall (only 4 – 5 letters) Subject given a Hi, Med, or Lo tone after exposure could recall could recall corresponding top, mid, or bottom line Proves that we have sensory memory Lengthening the delay of the tone identifies the length of sensory memory (< 1 sec). Quickly replace with new sensory information. Must be transferred to short-term memory to be retained. Short-term Memory Holds encoded (processed/meaningful) information. Can hold a maximum of seven (+/- 2) chunks of information. 7 numbers 7 letters 7 words (etc.) Limited to 15-25 seconds Rehearsal Transferring Short-term to Long-term Memory Just repeating the information over and over Keeps the information active in short-term memory Often lost when the repeating stops Elaborative Rehearsal Using logic, mnemonics, or organizing the information leads to long-term memory storage Traditional Memory Model (Sequential) Short-term Memory Long-term Memory Sensory Memory Encoding Retrieval Simple Rehearsal Elaborative Rehearsal Conscious Awareness Working Memory Model Sensory Memory Working Memory Long-term Memory Central Executive Encoding Visual Store Verbal Store Retrieval Storage Episodic Buffer Long-term Memory Model Long-term Memory Declarative Memory Information about things Semantic Episodic Memory Memory •Facts •2+2=4 •Personal knowledge •First kiss Procedural Memory •Skills & Habits •How to do things •Tying your shoe Associative Memory Model Interconnected mental representations of information Priming – Word or concept triggers recall of related information