Transcript eruption of indonesia`s sinabung volcano. prompts evacuations

ERUPTION OF INDONESIA’S
SINABUNG VOLCANO
PROMPTS EVACUATIONS
June 13-15, 2015
Walter Hays, Global Alliance for
Disaster Reduction, Vienna,
Virginia, USA
VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS
are awesome manifestations
of heat flowing as a result of
hot spots (e.g., Hawaii and
Iceland), or movement along
subduction zones (e.g., the
Pacific Rim and Indonesia).
GLOBAL DISTRIBUTION OF 1,500
ACTIVE VOLCANOES
ACTIVE VOLCANOES
INDONESIA
http://www.geology.sdsu.edu/how_volcanoes_work/Krakatau.html
SINABUNG VOLCANO
ERUPTS: JUNE 15, 2015
SINABUNG VOLCANO
ERUPTS: JUNE 15, 2015
INDONESIANS KNOW THAT
IT’STIME TO EVACUATE
• 2,700 evacuated from villages
in Sumatra as ash, rock
fragments, and volcanic gases
continue to be emitted.
RISK ASSESSMENT
•HAZARD MAPS
•INVENTORY
•VULNERABILITY
•LOCATION
ACCEPTABLE RISK
RISK
UNACCEPTABLE RISK
VOLCANO DISASTER
RESILIENCE
DATA BASES
AND INFORMATION
COMMUNITY
POLICY OPTIONS
HAZARDS:
GROUND SHAKING
GROUND FAILURE
SURFACE FAULTING
TECTONIC DEFORMATION
TSUNAMI RUN UP
AFTERSHOCKS
•PREPAREDNESS
•PROTECTION
•EMERGENCY RESPONSE
•RECOVERY and
RECONSTRUCTION
VOLCANO HAZARDS
(AKA POTENTIAL DISASTER AGENTS)
•
•
•
•
VERTICAL PLUME
ASH AND TEPHRA
LATERAL BLAST
PYROCLASTIC FLOWS
VOLCANO HAZARDS
(AKA POTENTIAL DISASTER AGENTS)
• LAVA FLOWS
• LAHARS
• EARTHQUAKES (related to
movement of lava)
• “VOLCANIC WINTER”
CAUSES
OF RISK
LATERAL BLAST
PYROCLASTIC FLOWS
FLYING DEBRIS
VOLCANIC
ERUPTIONS
CASE HISTORIES
VOLCANIC ASH
LAVA FLOWS
LAHARS
TOXIC GASES
EXAMPLES OF PAST
VOLCANO-RELATED
DISASTERS
WHAT MAKES A VOLCANO
ESPECIALLY DANGEROUS
• Location and a
large explosivity
index (VEI)
combine to make
some volcanoes
especially
dangerous.
LOCATION NEAR CITIES MAKES SOME
VOLCANOES VERY DANGEROUS
An eruption at some locations
is certain to be devastating to
people, their property, their
health, the community infrastructure, the environment, and
the economy.
MOUNT MERAPI:
INDONESIA
INDONESIA’S MOUNT MERAPI
ERUPTED IN MAY & JUNE, 2006
• Mount Merapi
emitted lava,
debris, and a
pyroclastic flow
on May 15, but
this one was
not devastating.
EXPLOSIVENESS OF JUNE 8
ERUPTION SENT 15,000 FLEEING
LESSON: TIMELY, REALISTIC
DISASTER SCENARIOS SAVE LIVES
• The people who have timely,
realistic, advance information that
facilitates reduction of the risks
associated with the potential
disaster agents of ash, rock
fragments, gases, and lahars will
survive.
LESSON: EMERGENCY RESPONSE
SAVES LIVES
• First Responders know that
“Uncontrollable and Unthinkable”
events will always hinder the timing
of emergency response operations,
especially the search and rescue
operations, that are urgently needed
during “the golden 48 hours.”
LESSON: EMERGENCY MEDICAL
PREPAREDNESS SAVES LIVES
• The local community’s capacity for
emergency health care (i,e., coping
with damaged hospitals and medical
facilities, lack of clean drinking
water, food, and medicine, and
high levels of morbidity and
mortality) is vital for survival.
LESSON: ENGINEERED BUILDINGS
SAVE LIVES
• Buildings engineered to withstand
the risks from a volcanic eruption’s
hazards that is vital for protecting
people, property, and infrastructure
from death, injury, damage, and
loss of function.
LESSON: THE INTERNATIONAL
COMMUNITY ALWAYS PROVIDES AID
• The International Community
provides millions to billions of
dollars in relief to help “pick up the
pieces, ” but this strategy is not
enough by itself to ensure volcaniceruption-disaster resilience.
•MONITORING
•HAZARD MAPS
•INVENTORY
•VULNERABILITY
•LOCATION
DATA BASES
AND INFORMATION
ACCEPTABLE RISK
RISK
UNACCEPTABLE RISK
YOUR
BOOKS OF
KNOWLEDGE
COMMUNITY
VOLCANIC ERUPTIONE
DISASTER RESILIENCE
HAZARDS:
GROUND SHAKING
GROUND FAILURE
SURFACE FAULTING
TECTONIC DEFORMATION
TSUNAMI RUN UP
AFTERSHOCKS
•PREPAREDNESS
•PROTECTION
•EM RESPONSE
•RECOSTRUCTION AND
RECOVERY