Transcript Guest Speaker for MCC – Volcanoes - Reeths

LIVING WITH VOLCANOES AND EARTHQUAKES IN INDONESIA
Mount Sindoro, Central Java, Indonesia
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Sundoro
Source:
http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_volcanoes_in_Indonesia
INDONESIA
The geography of Indonesia is
dominated by volcanoes that are
formed due to subduction zones
between the EURASIAN plate and
the INDO-AUSTRALIAN plate.
Source: http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_volcanoes_in_Indonesia
INDONESIA
Indonesia is the land of volcanoes located at
the Pacific Ring of Fire.
In 2012, Indonesia had 127 active volcanoes.
The devastating earthquake and tsunami
event of December 26, 2004 is thought to
bring disruption to the volcanoes' eruption
pattern.
Source:
http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_volcanoes_in_Indonesia
PACIFIC RIM MAP
http://www.worldatlas.com/aatlas/infopage/ringfire.htm
Source:
1. http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_volcanoes_in_Indonesia
Java Island
JAVA ISLAND
Java is almost entirely of volcanic origin, and there are
numerous volcanoes (45 of which are considered
active volcanoes).
Volcanoes have played a vital role in the geological and
human history of Java. Land is created on Java as a
result of lava flows, ash deposits, and mud flows
(lahars).
Volcanoes are a major contributor to the immense
fertility of Java, as natural erosion transports volcanic
material as to the island's plains, forming thick layers of
fertile sediment.
Source:
http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_volcanoes_in_Indonesia
JAVA ISLAND
In 2014, the Indonesian population reached 253
million people.
Java island is the most populated island in the
world, and there are more 143 million people
living in this island.
Languages use in Java island are Javanese,
Sundanese, Madurese, and the national
language of Indonesian.
Source
http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_volcanoes_in_Indonesia
The three major languages spoken on Java
are Javanese, Sundanese and Madurese.
WELCOME TO CENTRAL JAVA
(THE LAND WITH A VERY RICH CULTURE)
In this part of the island, the
population consists of Javanese and
Chinese. Most Javanese people are
farmers, and the Chinese people are
doing business/trade.
CENTRAL JAVA
CITY OF TEMANGGUNG
CITY OF PARAKAN
MT. SINDORO
ON JULY, 2014
(Taken by
Daniel Enberg)
Sun rise at Mt. Sindoro
http://theriwans.blogspot.com/2015/01/gunung-sindoro.html
MT. SINDORO
CRATER:
Kembang
Crater
Source: http://theriwans.blogspot.com/2015/01/gunung-sindoro.html
Area around the twin active volcanoes of Sumbing and Sundoro.
Note the nearby volcanological observatory at Gentingsari. The
circles around the volcano summits represent radii of ~ 4 and 6
km from the summit. From Lavignea and others (2008).
Source: http://volcano.si.edu/volcano.cfm?vn=263220
MOUNT SINDORO
•
MT. SINDORO IS KNOWN AS MT. SINDARA or SUNDORO AND IS AN ACTIVE
STRATOVOLCANO.
•
ALTITUDE: 3,150 METERS or 10,395 FEET ABOVE THE MEAN SEA LEVEL AND
7.25⁰ S AND 108.058⁰ N.
•
LOCATED: AT CENTRAL JAWA PROVINCE AND NEAR CITY OF PARAKAN
TOWARD THE EAST AND WONOSOBO TOWARD THE WEST.
•
TYPE OF VOLCANIC ERUPTION: A SMALL TO MEDIUM PHREATIC ERUPTION
(an explosive eruption that occurs when water enters into the magma
chamber and turns into steam).
•
VOLCANIC OBSERVATION STATION: GENTINGSARI VILLAGE LOCATED AT THE
EASTERN FLANK OF THE MOUNTAIN VALLEY.
Sources:
http://httptheriwans.blogspot.com/2015/01/gunung-sindoro.html
http://artikelnyafety.blogspot.com/2011/02/sindoro-sumbing-twins-mountain-are.html
Source: http://theriwans.blogspot.com/2015/01/gunung-sindoro.html
Volcanic Eruptions of Mt. Sindoro:
1818: Eruption and volcanic ashes.
1882: Eruption from the crater
producing falling volcanic ashes. In
between April 1 and 7, possible
lava flows through Northwestern
flank of the mountain.
August 1883: More volcanic activities
and volcanic eruption occurred.
November 13-14, 1887: volcanic
explosion.
May 1-25, 1902:small mudflow and
pyroclastic flow.
October 1903: Eruption at Kembang crater and falling
ashes.
1906: eruption, falling ashes that damaged crops and
caused house fire.
1908: Increasing volcanic activity (buzzing sound
coming from the inner mountain).
1910: The volcanic activity (buzzing sound can be
heard from the city of Temanggung).
1970: Earthquake at Sigedang
village followed by white smoke
coming out from the summit. Then,
smoke came out vertically above
the crater followed by blast with
thick smoke and buzzing sound. At
night, smoke looked red.
November 2011: increasing volcanic activity.
November 2011 – March 2012: smoke and volcanic
gases came out from the crater and crater’s wall.
December 5, 2011: volcanic activity raised from level
1 to level 2 followed by earthquakes coming from
deep and shallow volcanic activities.
March 2012: volcanic activity decreased and came
back to level 1.
MT. SUMBING
MT. SINDORO (3,150 METERS HIGH) AND MT. SUMBING (3340 METERS
HIGH) KNOWN AS THE TWIN VOLCANOES.
Source: http://artikelnyafety.blogspot.com/2011/02/sindoro-sumbing-twins-mountain-are.html
MT. SUMBING
• ALTITUDE: 3,340 METERS or 11,022 FEET ABOVE THE MEAN SEA LEVEL
AND 7.384⁰ S and 110.992⁰ E.
• LOCATED AT CENTRAL JAVA PROVINCE AND NEAR THE CITY OF PARAKAN,
TEMANGGUNG, AND WONOSOBO.
• MT. SUMBING or GUNUNG SUMBING IS AN ACTIVE STRATOVOLCANO,
SYMETRICAL WITH MT. SINDORO.
• ERUPTION: SMALL PHREATIC ERUPTION AND IT HAS A VOLCANIC CRATER
AT THE SUMMIT.
Sources:
•
http://artikelnyafety.blogspot.com/2011/02/sindoro-sumbing-twins-mountain-are.html
•
http://korindo-network.com/jogjakarta/indonesia-twin-volcano.htm
AMAZING TWIN VOLCANOES – MT. SINDORO & MT. SUMBING
http://korindo-network.com/jogjakarta/indonesia-twin-volcano.htm
Mt. Sumbing
MT. SUMBING CRATER
Source:
http://artikelnyafety.blogspot.com/2011/02/sindoro-sumbing-twins-mountain-are.html
MT. GALUNGGUNG
- active stratovolcano in West Java, Indonesia,
approximately 80 km (50 mi) southeast of the
West Java provincial capital, Bandung.
- Elevation: 2,168 meters or 7,113 feet above
MSL.
- Part of the Sunda Arc extending through
Sumatra, Java and Bali, which has resulted from
the subduction of the Australian plate beneath
the Eurasian plate.
Source:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galunggung
Lightning strikes during the 1982 eruption of Galunggung
I was studying Geophyics at the Institute of Technology Bandung when
this eruption occurred, and it is located at about 50 Miles from the Mt.
Galunggung.
Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galunggung
Mt. Galunggung Eruption in 1982
Source:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galunggung
Galunggung is a stratovolcano on the west side of the island of Java.
The caldera of Galunggung is open to the southeast. Photo by Jack Lockwood,
U.S. Geological Survey, August 17, 1982.
Source: http://volcano.oregonstate.edu/galunggung
Hazardous eruption of 1982
The last major eruption on Galunggung was in
1982, which had a volcanic explosivity index
(VEI) of 4. Volcanic hazards include pyroclastic
flow, huge falling ash, lapilli, blast, landslide,
lahar, earthquake, volcanic gases,and volcanic
aerosol. The eruption lasted for 9 months.
This eruption also brought the dangers
of volcanic ash to aviation to worldwide attention.
Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galunggung
The first historic eruption of Galunggung was in 1822. Since then the volcano has
erupted four times, most recently in 1984. This photo shows a column of ash rising
above the summit during the large (VEI=4)Vulcanian-type eruption. Eruption columns
at Galunggung reached heights as great as 15 miles (24 km). Photo by Jack Lockwood,
U.S. Geological Survey, August 16, 1982.
Source:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galunggung
ERUPTION HISTORY:
Two eruptions at Galunggung have caused fatalities. During the
1822 eruption (VEI=5), and mudflows killed 4,011 people and
destroyed 114 villages.
During the 1982 eruption (VEI=4) about 68 people died, mostly
from indirect causes (traffic accidents, old age, cold, and lack of
food). Estimated damage was $15 million and 22 villages were
left uninhabitable.
The 1984 eruption was phreatic and lasted about two weeks.
Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galunggung
This photo shows lightning above the summit and glowing pyroclasts
on the flank of Galunggung. Photo by Jack Lockwood, U.S. Geological
Survey, September 16, 1982.
Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galunggung
Source:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galunggung
The April 1982-January 1983 eruption destroyed the 1918 lava dome and produced a
new cinder cone in a new crater. The crater was about 2,000 feet (600m) across and
about 1,000 feet (300 m) deep. The cone grew to 250 feet (75 m) and was 650 feet
(200 m) in diameter. Photo by Jack Lockwood, U.S. Geological Survey, July 31, 1982.
Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galunggung
View of new cinder cone. As the 1982-1983 eruption waned a crater lake
began to form. The presence of the lake, high rainfall, and the large volume of
exposed pyroclastic material on the volcano have made the hazard associated
with secondary lahars very high. Photo by Jack Lockwood, U.S. Geological
Survey, October 30, 1982.
Source: http://volcano.oregonstate.edu/galunggung
During the 1982 eruption two jumbo jets entered
the ash clouds at an altitude of about 6 miles (10
km). Their engines stalled and windshields were
abraded. Fortunately, the pilots were able to restart
the engines.
Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galunggung
MT. MERAPI
Mt. Merapi
Merapi means producing fire. ”Api” is
“fire” in Indonesian.
Historically, Mt. Merapi has shown the
volcanic activities (smoke emitted
from the summit in 300 days per
year). I remember when I was young,
Most of the time I saw smoke coming
out from the peak of Mt. Merapi.
CITY OF YOGYAKARTA
Mt. MERAPI IN CENTAL JAVA
http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_volcanoes_in_Indonesia
EXPERIENCE OF EARTHQUAKES:
Several times in the village of Gentingsari,
Central Java.
Several times in Bandung, West Java.
Major Earthquake in Jakarta caused by the
source of the Earthquake in the Indian Ocean
at the South of Java Island.
My Family and Home in Gentingsari Village, and
My mother is standing next to me below.