Transcript Mtigation Policy of Geological Agency Surono

MITIGATION POLICY OF GEOLOGICAL AGENCY
IN DEALING WITH VOLCANIC ERUPTION IN
INDONESIA
A CASE STUDY OF 2010’s MERAPI ERUPTION
By:
SURONO
CVGHM, Geological Agency, MEMR
Oleh:
IAVCEI Scientific Assembly-Forecasting
Dr. Surono Volcanic Activity
Kagoshima, 20-24 July 2013
CENTER FOR VOLCANOLOGY And GEOLOGICAL HAZARD MITIGATION
GEOLOGICAL AGENCY
MINISTRY Of ENERGY And MINERAL RESOURCES
OUTLINE
• I. Introduction
• II. Mitigation Policy
• III. The 2010 Merapi Eruption
• IV. Conclusion
I.Introduction
Tectonic Setting: Indonesia is located in collission between 3 major
active plates (Eurasia, Indo-Australia, and Pacific plates)
South China Sea
Pacific Ocean
Eurasia
Pasifik
Indian Ocean
6.5 cm/yr
Positive Impact:
Hydrocarbon Basin
Mineralization Belt
Geothermal Belt
Fertile Lands
Indo-Australia
Negative Impact:
Potential Geological Hazards:
Earthquakes/Tsunami
Volcanic eruption
Landslide
Active Volcanoes Distribution in Indonesia
Indonesia has 127 active volcanoes, including A-type, B-type, and C-type. Type-A means volcano which
is recorded to have experienced magmatic eruption at least one time after 1600. B and C-type are less
active.
Until July 2013, there are 5 volcanoes in level III (A-type), and 17 in level II (A-type). Pyroclastic flow
and destructive lahars pose the very high threat to life, property, the environment, in area more than
few km from the mountains’s slope.
Indonesia has greatest population living and conducting activity at
volcanic hazard zone
Volcanic hazard areas in Indonesia typically have fertile land, an abundant amount of water,
and beautiful scenery. Consequently, people are attracted to live and conduct activities in
volcanic hazard areas.
Eruption in 2007-2011 with large evacuations
Kelud eruption, November 2007, about
15,000 refugees evacuated. (No
casualties).
Sinabung eruption, August 2010,
about 30,000 refugees.(No casualties)
Merapi eruption, October-November 2010,
about 1 million refugees due to eruption,
but about 400,000 were taken care by the
government with 367 casualties.
Lokon eruption, 14 July 2011, there
were about 6,000 peoples evacuated
(No casualties).
VOLCANIC HAZARD IMPACTS:
• Pyroclastic flow
>600oC
– Dangerous for
lives
– Forest fire
Pyroclastic Flows
Ash Falls
• Volcanic Ash fall
– Irritation
– Respiration
– Flight disaster
– Environmental
degradation
• Lahar
– Infrastructures
damaged
– Dangerous for
people living close
to rivers and
valleys
Lava Dome Collapse
Lahar
Main Task and Function of
CVGHM, Geological Agency, MEMR
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

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To conduct research, investigate and service of volcanology
and geological hazard mitigation (volcanic eruption,
earthquake, tsunami, landslide).
To issue an early warning for volcanic activities and
landslide.
To disseminate geological hazard knowledge to local
government and communities who live in the geological
hazard zone.
To produce the geological hazard map for spatial planning,
geological hazard mitigation & education.
To give technical recommendation to the Local Government
to do geological hazard mitigation efforts.
To evaluate research, investigate and service of volcanology
and geological hazard mitigation.
Aims of Geological Hazard
Mitigation:
To minimize/reduce fatalities and
socio-economics impact caused by
volcanic
eruption,
earthquake,
tsunami, and landslide
II. Mitigation Policy in Dealing With The 2010 Eruption of Merapi
•
After 2004 Tsunami in Aceh, the Indonesian government made two important laws,
1. UU no. 24 Tahun 2007 on ”Disaster Management”
2. UU no. 26 Tahun 2007 on ”Spatial Planning”
•
Based on these laws, disaster management paradigm is changed, now the disaster
management in Indonesia are focused on risk reduction in pre-disaster phase.
 QUICK RESPONSE
TEAM
 MONITORING
 VOLCANIC HAZARD
MAPPING
 SOCIALIZATION/
DISSEMINATION
 OBSERVATION/
RESEARCH
 EARLY
WARNING
EARLY WARNING :
Volcanic Activity Alert Level
• Normal (level I)
Volcanic activity stay in normal condition
without any difference from its background
levels.
• Waspada (level II)
Volcanic activity begin to increase and have
pass over its background levels.
• Siaga (level III)
Volcanic activity have shown its precursor
before eruption.
• Awas (level IV)
Started with volcanic ash eruption, and
then approaching the main eruption.
Early Warning System for Volcanic Eruption
Volcano Alert Level and
Action of people living nearby the volcano
Alert Level IV
AWAS
Alert Level III
Indications of eruption
SIAGA
Prediction of volcanic
activity increasing
until the eruption
Alert Level I
Evacuation for
KRB II&III
NORMAL
Increase in volcanic
activity
No
Indication
No Activity in
KRB II, III
Limited Activity in
KRB II, III
Volcanic Hazard Zone (KRB)
INFORMATION DISTRIBUTION FOR INCREASING OF VOLCANIC ACTIVITY
VOLCANO OBSERVATORY POST
THE NEAREST AIRPORT &
STAKEHOLDERS
CHIEVE OF
SECTION
CHIEVE OF
DIVISION
REGENCY
(SATLAK)
CVGHM
GOVERNOR
(SATKORLAK)
GA
BAKORNAS
PB
EXPLANATION :
LEVEL I (NORMAL)
LEVEL II/III (ACTIVE
ALERT AND AANTICIPATION)
S-H. AIRPORT
MET. OFFICE
DIRECT OF
AVIATION SAFETY
COMMUNITY
AROUND THE
VOLCANO
VOLCANIC RESEARCH
• Objective : determine the character and nature of
volcano’s eruption (volcano’s geological properties) and
determine the precursor of a volcano eruption
• Method : geophysical, geochemistry, and also geological
mapping (volcanic deposit analysis and sampling,
volcano stratigraphy)
• Expectation of some research result is
a better
understanding of the volcanic eruption process and the
volcanic hazard zone map.
PROVIDING VOLCANIC HAZARD MAP
SOCIALIZATION
The purpose of socialization is to increase
knowledge and awareness of the people living
around the prone area to the volcanic eruption.
Coordination with the local governments and
related agencies is carried out to improve the
effectiveness of the volcanic hazard mitigation
Direct Socialization
Exhibition
Contingency Planning
Leaflet dan Booklet
VOLCANIC MONITORING
• Objective
:
to
observe, record, and
analyze the active
volcano condition
• Method : seismic,
crater
observation,
geochemistry
and
deformation
measurement
Volcano Monitoring
Integrated methods : seismology, geodesy, geophysics,
geochemical, remote sensing, etc.
Volcano Observatory