Transcript IPC: Chapter 20 – Elements & Their Properties

IPC: Chapter 17
Elements & Their Properties
Mr. Perez – Spring Semester
Section 1 - Metals
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Characteristics of metals:
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good conductors of electricity and heat
all but one (Hg) are solids at room temperature
luster – ability to reflect light
malleable – able to be hammered or rolled into sheets
ductile – metal drawn into wire
Metallic Bonding:
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allows for the ions of the metal to be arranged in a way that
creates more suitable conditions for the metal to conduct
electricity
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Groups of Metals:
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Alkali Metals – (Group 1) softer than other types of
metals and most reactive of all the metals; occur in nature
in ion form only due to their volatility with air and water in
its natural elemental form; only one electron in the outer
most energy level; Cesium and Francium are radioactive
elements and extremely rare
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Alkaline Earth Metals – (Group 2) reacts easily with
other elements; have 2 electrons in their outer orbit; uses
of these elements might include: calcium as a vitamin,
barium indicator during X-rays and medical imaging,
radioactive radium for cancer therapy
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Transition Elements – (Groups 3-12) – occur in
their natural forms in the earth without being reactive;
combine to form colored compounds:
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Iron Triad – Fe, Co, and Ni
Coinage Metals – Cu, Ag, and Au
Zinc, Cadmium & Mercury
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The Inner Transition Metals – The Lanthanides: elements
58-71; The Actinides: elements 90-103; all are radioactive and
very unstable; Uranium – nuclear reactors use this substance to
produce energy; also as weapons (nuclear war-heads)
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Metals in the Crust – ores are substances that contain a metal
compound, or mineral within a mixture of clay or rock
Section 2 - Nonmetals
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Properties of Nonmetals:
usually in gas form, but can be brittle solids at room temp
 not shiny
 Not ductile or malleable
 not good conductors of heat or electricity
 bonding will usually be in ionic or covalent bond forms to
create compounds
Hydrogen- is a diatomic molecule (H2) others include (O2 and
N2)
Halogens- (Group 17) these elements used in many common
cleaning and detoxifying substances
Noble Gases- (Group 18) least reactive of all the elements;
used in lighting and lasers
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Section 3 Mixed Groups
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Properties of Metalloids:
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substances that can form both ionic and covalent bonds
 could have metallic or nonmetal properties
 the mixed groups include groups 13, 14, 15, 16, and 17;
which contain metals nonmetals, and metalloid (minus Al)
Boron Group- (Group 13) Boron and Aluminum most
important elements in this group concerning usage and
familiarity
Carbon Group- (Group 14) Carbon is the most common
element found in living organisms; while Si (Silicon) is used as a
semiconductor as well as Ge (Germanium)
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Nitrogen Group- (Group 15) tend to share electrons to form
covalent bonds
Oxygen Group- (Group 16) Oxygen most important in this
group and to living organisms; makes up 21% of the earth’s
atmosphere and will form into O3 (ozone)