Transcript Chapter 3
Mankind’s Use of God’s Resources Describes man’s hard work to make a living Many kinds of jobs, but a few basic categories of industries have been around for a long time ◦ Primary ◦ Secondary ◦ Tertiary Take from the earth materials that are needed for food, clothes and shelter Most basic needs Include: Agriculture Fishing Forestry Mining God taught Adam how to be a gardener 2 main branches of Agriculture ◦ Farming ◦ Animal Husbandry Subsistence Farmers Cash crops Commercial Farmers Difficulties: ◦ Drought, disease, Insects, extreme weather Nomadic Herding (subsistence) ◦ Many became raiders, very skilled horsemen Huns (Central Asia) Sioux (North America) Masai (East Africa) Ranching (Commercial) Seafood is the world’s second largest export commodity Demand > Supply Not just fish… Seaweed Used for food, fertilizer, cosmetics, fuels, animal food additives 2 Methods ◦ Capture –gathered in the wild ◦ Aquaculture- cultivation/farming in a controlled environment Which country do you think produces the most fish? China Which country do you think consumes the most fish? Japan How important is this industry to you? Provides wood for homes, furniture, paper Fruit, nuts Leaves help make: furniture polish, car wax, crayons, lipstick, medicines, perfumes Branches help make: chemicals, plastics, paper products Bark helps make: mulch, dyes, shoe polish Trunks help make: furniture, musical instruments, baseball bats, charcoal Sap helps make: adhesives, ice cream, hair spray, soaps, cough syrup, shampoo Stumps help make: turpentine, laundry detergent, sports drinks Has surpassed the others in importance 3 main resources: ◦ Metals ◦ Non metal minerals ◦ Fossil fuels Metals ◦ Precious metals (gold, silver, platinum) ◦ Common metals (copper, lead, iron, aluminum) ◦ Alloys (combination of metals, Steel is most important-Iron and coal) Non Metal Minerals ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ Limestone Sulfur Clay, sand, granite, marble, slate Uranium (used in first atomic bomb) Fossil Fuels ◦ Coal, petroleum, natural gas ◦ Technically not minerals, but the remains of living things ◦ Dramatically changed our way of life Take raw materials and change them to a useful form 2 main types: ◦ Construction ◦ Manufacturing Construction ◦ Variety of materials through the years ◦ Cain built the first city Manufacturing ◦ Handmade to big business Industrial Revolution- 1750-1850 Key technological discovery: electricity Information Age ◦ Robotics and computers Subdivided into 2 types: ◦ Nondurable manufacturing product lasts less than a year (food, chemicals, fossil fuels, paper) ◦ Durable manufacturing last more than a year (furniture, machines, lumber, stone, clay, glass and metals) The more developed a country is, the more tertiary industries it will have 80% of American workers Tertiary- Also called Service Industries 5 Categories ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ Infrastructure Trade Finance General Services Government Basic energy and equipment needs of all industries 3 types ◦ Utilities ◦ Transportation ◦ Communication Selling the products from primary and secondary industries Wholesale businesses Retail businesses Make money available to help start new companies and fuel growth ◦ Bankers, insurance companies, real estate agents Support services, help keep things and people running, healthy and happy ◦ Maids, mechanics, teachers, nurses, zookeepers, engineers, lawyers, computer programmers, repair technicians Most government employees work for a city or a state National Government employees Economics– the study of the process by which people and countries make choices about the best way to develop and distribute resources, goods and services 3 main types of Economic systems in the world: ◦ Capitalism, Socialism, Mixed Economics Capital- Money and equipment needed to build industries Capitalism- private individuals or corporations build most industries, risking their own capital by making investments in hopes of gaining a profit Most western countries use this system Also called Free Market Entrepreneurs: ◦ What do they do? Government owns the major industries and makes decisions for the welfare of society Most extreme form? Communism •Assumes that one person knows what is best for everyone. Many of the countries whose socialist economy fell, adopted a mixed economy system Combine elements of capitalism and socialism Private citizens can own property and businesses but the government closely regulates them GDP – Gross Domestic Product ◦ Gross= Total ◦ Domestic=made at home, inside the country ◦ Product= goods and services GDP is the monetary value of all the goods and services produced by all of the primary, secondary and tertiary industries ◦ Per Capita GDP- the average value of products produced by each person in the country, shows the average worker’s productivity Development: effective use of raw materials, labor and capital Developed countries can : Buy weapons, influence others Also called- Third World, Underdeveloped Some big nations are considered developing ◦ China– high GDP because of population, low per capita GDP, not taken advantage of worker’s skills Underdevelopment not due to lack of resources, usually due to unstable government Best evidence of a countries’ development developed countries = many job options Underdeveloped countries =few job choices economically self-sufficient– not trading or selling with anyone ◦ Albania markets– people and businesses to buy products ExportsImportsTariffs- taxes on exports and imports Embargo- ban on importing or exporting certain goods with a particular country Free Trade vs. Fair Trade – pg. 75